10 things about ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis: Risk factors, causes, and prevention
Ischemic heart disease, driven by atherosclerosis, is a leading global cause of death. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, age, cholesterol, obesity, inactivity, and alcohol. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes—healthy diet, exercise, stress control, limited alcohol, and regular check-ups—to protect arteries, improve heart health, and reduce long-term complications.
Heart health is essential In this fast paced world, taking care of your heart is essential, as ischemic heart diseases are gradually on the rise. IHD has also been found to be one of the leading causes of death in both males and females. Multiple factors can influence the development of heart disease, and must be kept in check.(Image: Canva)
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Atherosclerosis explained in detail Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the arteries in your body. It leads to the deposition of lipids in the walls of arteries, forming a plaque. It may not show any symptoms until it becomes large enough to reduce blood flow to the tissues, especially the heart.(Image: Canva)
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Modifiable and non-modifiable factors There are various factors that can lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries. These factors may be modifiable or non-modifiable. Modifiable factors like cigarette smoking can be altered. There are various methods to help one quit smoking, like using chewing gums or nicotine patches.(Image: Canva)
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Diabetes increases long-term risk Co-existing conditions like diabetes mellitus may also cause atherosclerosis in the long run. It is necessary to manage the blood sugar levels by following the prescribed medications properly, and following a strict diet with foods that do not have much glucose content.(Image: Canva)
Hypertension and blood pressure control Hypertension is another co-morbidity that may lead to atherosclerotic changes in the vessels. Daily exercise, healthy diet and mindfulness practices may aid in managing increased blood pressure levels. It is necessary to have regular check-ups to detect any complications that may occur.(Image: Canva)
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Role of age and gender Age also plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis. It has been found that males who are above forty-five years of age and females who are above fifty-five years of age are more likely to have atherosclerosis than young people, and males are more susceptible than females.(Image: Canva)
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Cholesterol and diet modification Increased cholesterol levels have also been implicated as risk factors for this condition. A heart-healthy lifestyle that consists of consuming fruits and vegetables and whole grains can aid in dealing with increased cholesterol, but it is necessary to avoid fats, sodium and sugar.(Image: Canva)
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Sedentary lifestyle and obesity Other factors include inadequate physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. Being active during the day is crucial, and brisk walking and exercising can go a long way in keeping your heart healthy. Obesity may also lead to an increased risk of atherosclerosis.(Image: Canva)
Alcohol consumption as risk Excessive alcohol consumption may also be a risk factor for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessels. It is recommended to reduce alcohol intake. Group therapy may help in quitting alcohol, and professional help may be sought if required.(Image: Canva)
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Complications of Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture The plaque formed in the arteries due to atherosclerosis may cause complications like rupture. If a vulnerable plaque ruptures, it may embolise to other parts of the body. If it enlarges excessively, it can occlude the blood vessel, thus reducing blood flow to the tissues. Hence, early detection and treatment is necessary.(Image: Canva) Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis
Rajeshwaari Kalla is a freelance health and wellness writer
