Piles causes, symptoms and cure: Increase fibre intake with vegetables in diet, drink water and fruit juices

The most common symptom of haemorrhoids is bleeding, often noticed when using tissue paper in the restroom (wiping) (Image: Canva)

Haemorrhoids (haima means blood and rhoos means flowing), commonly known as piles, is a condition characterised by the swelling of veins in the lower rectum and anus, forming what can be described as anal cushions. They come in two varieties: internal haemorrhoids, which occur deep within the rectum, and external haemorrhoids, which develop around the anal region.

Causes of haemorrhoids

The aetiology of haemorrhoids includes anorectal issues, abdominal fluid buildup (ascites), pregnancy, and even conditions like ovarian cancer, bladder carcinoma, and multiple sclerosis. Chronic anal lining infections, possibly weakening the veins, are also considered a potential cause. Constipation, often linked to a lack of dietary fibre, has been suggested as a contributing factor.

Symptoms and signs

The most common symptom of haemorrhoids is bleeding, often noticed when using tissue paper in the restroom (wiping). Some individuals may experience a sensation similar to passing 'ground glass' during bowel movements, accompanied by itching. Haemorrhoids can either spontaneously return after defecation or require manual repositioning. In some cases, they may remain permanently external, accompanied by mucus discharge and slight pain upon prolapse.

Complications associated with haemorrhoids and diagnosis

These include ulceration, gangrene (caused by reduced blood flow to the tissue), fibrosis, and even thrombosis (formation of blood clots).

Diagnosis usually involves a comprehensive history review and a per-rectal examination by a doctor, which may include the gentle insertion of a gloved finger into the anus. A proctoscope may also be used, and a complete blood count (CBC) may be recommended.

How to prevent haemorrhoids

Avoid straining: Applying excessive pressure and holding the breath while passing stools can lead to undue distress to the veins in the rectum. This must be avoided as much as possible to prevent worsening of the symptoms.

Increase the fibre intake: Consuming more amount of fruits and vegetables, along with salads, is an effective way to make the stools bulkier and softer. It may also aid in preventing unnecessary strain and help deal with flatulence.

Increase fluid intake: Consider adding fruit juices, and plenty of liquids to the diet to soften the stools. This, in turn, aids in an easy passage for the faeces.

Physical activity: It is prudent to have a healthy routine with enough exercise. Daily activity can help in dealing with obesity, and the movement can reduce the pressure on the veins.

No mobiles in the lavatory: Spending a long time sitting, without any physical activity, can elevate the pressure on the veins in the rectum. It is often seen in people who have a habit of using the facilities for far longer than needed, not because of the issues with defecation, but due to the use of their cell phones. Avoid prolonged use of mobile phones in the restroom, as excessive sitting without movement can increase pressure on the rectal veins.

Most symptoms improve with treatment (at home), often in the span of a week. If any signs of bleeding from the anal region are noticed, timely consulting the medical professional is advised.