Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: Loneliness, low social contact leads to stress, Alzheimer's disease

Causes of Alzheimer's Disease: Struggling to engage in meaningful social interactions could increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (Image: Canva)

Dementia is a rapidly escalating global issue, impacting over 50 million individuals, and its occurrence is surging due to the ageing demographic. Among the various forms of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) predominantly affects older populations. Projections indicate a significant surge in AD cases over the next three decades, with estimates reaching as high as 75 million by 2030 and a staggering 131.5 million by 2050 worldwide.

Dementia: Are you in danger of developing Alzheimer's disease when you age?

Dr Amit Kumar Agarwal, a Consultant in the Department of Neurology at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, says one significant risk factor contributing to the development of Alzheimer’s disease is low social contact. "Not spending time with other people, known as social isolation, can make you feel stressed and affect your mental health. This stress can increase the chances of experiencing neurological issues. It also raises the risk of getting sick, a shorter life, and exposing you to the risk of various mental problems," he adds.

Doctor Agarwal shares his insights on the signs and consequences of low social engagement, along with the importance of combating social isolation as a means of AD dementia prevention.

Silent symptoms of dementia: Watch out for insomnia, mood swings, and trouble with words

Signs of low social contact:

Poor social engagement: How frequently do you find yourself lacking interest or actively participating in social activities? If this happens frequently, it might be time to work on your social skills. Struggling to engage in meaningful social interactions could increase the risk of developing AD.

Living alone: If you have consciously chosen to live alone for the sake of your mental peace and happiness, then that's perfectly fine. However, it's important to note that living in solitude, without regular social interactions, can increase vulnerability to dementia. It's okay to live alone, but it is important not to be lonely, as the absence of regular social interactions within a household can contribute to cognitive decline.

Having limited social networks: Having a social circle promotes mental agility and emotional well-being. It improves cognitive function and reduces the risk of cognitive decline. If you maintain limited connections with others, both friends and family, know that it can negatively impact your cognitive health. A small social circle may not provide the mental stimulation needed to maintain brain health.

Infrequent social contact: If you despise the quiet, lonely evenings or long for meaningful conversations, then it's time you push yourself to indulge in some social activities. Rarely engaging with others in social settings can significantly increase the risk of dementia.

The importance of social engagement: Social engagement plays a vital role in the prevention of dementia. It helps reduce psychological stress, enhances cognitive reserve, and boosts mental resilience.

"Loneliness and social isolation have been associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, both of which can contribute to cognitive decline," Dr Agarwal adds.

AD dementia-preventing social activities:

Overcoming social isolation and prioritising social engagement are key factors in AD dementia prevention. By actively participating in social activities and ensuring that dementia-friendly social opportunities are available, you can contribute to maintaining your cognitive health as you age.

Promoting social activities at the community level is a good way to prevent Alzheimer’s disease. These activities can include participation in religious events, joining friendship groups, and maintaining frequent face-to-face contact with friends and family. These interactions not only foster a sense of belonging but also provide the mental stimulation necessary for a healthy brain.