7 subtle signs of cognitive decline, strategies for management: World Brain Day 2024

Experiencing frequent forgetfulness, such as failing to recall recent events or conversations are signs of cognitive decline. (Image: Canva)

World Brain Day, observed on July 22, is dedicated to raising awareness about brain health and neurological disorders. Initiated by the World Federation of Neurology, this day emphasises the importance of brain health across all stages of life. Neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke, and multiple sclerosis, affect millions globally, impacting their quality of life and placing a significant burden on healthcare systems.

World brain day aims to educate the public about prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. Each year, the event highlights a specific theme to address various aspects of neurological health, promoting global collaboration among doctors, researchers, and advocates. By promoting brain health awareness, World brain day seeks to reduce the stigma associated with neurological disorders and encourage support for those affected, ultimately striving for a world where everyone can enjoy optimal brain health and well-being.

Here are seven subtle signs of cognitive decline and some strategies to help overcome or manage them according to Delhi-based neurologist Rahul Saxena.

Memory lapses: Experiencing frequent forgetfulness, such as failing to recall recent events or conversations. Misplacing items and having difficulty retracing steps to find them, which disrupts daily routines and increases frustration.

Difficulty in planning and problem-solving: Struggling to follow familiar recipes or manage monthly bills, indicating a decline in logical thinking and organisational skills. Experiencing challenges in concentrating on tasks that were once routine, making daily activities more cumbersome.

Challenges in completing familiar tasks: Finding it hard to drive to known locations, reflecting a decline in spatial orientation and memory. Difficulty managing a budget or remembering rules of favorite games, suggesting decreased cognitive flexibility and memory.

Confusion with time or place: Losing track of dates, seasons, and the passage of time, causing disorientation and confusion. Forgetting where you are or how you got there, indicating a more severe decline in memory and situational awareness.

Problems with words in speaking or writing: Difficulty following or joining conversations, leading to social withdrawal and communication challenges. Struggling with vocabulary, finding the right words, or misnaming things, which disrupts effective communication and causes frustration.

Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps: Frequently putting items in unusual places and being unable to locate them, leading to daily inconveniences. Accusing others of theft when unable to find misplaced items, indicating confusion and potential paranoia.

Decreased or poor judgment: Making poor decisions regarding finances, such as irresponsible spending or falling for scams. Paying less attention to personal grooming and hygiene, reflecting a decline in self-awareness and care.

Strategies to overcome or manage cognitive decline

Mental stimulation: Engage in activities like puzzles, reading, learning new skills, or playing musical instruments to keep the brain active. Participate in social activities and discussions to stimulate cognitive functions and maintain mental sharpness.

Physical exercise: Regular aerobic exercises, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, improve blood flow to the brain, promoting cognitive health. Strength training and balance exercises also benefit brain health by enhancing overall physical well-being.

Healthy diet: Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats to support brain function. Consider dietary patterns like the Mediterranean or DASH diet, known for their cognitive health benefits.

Adequate sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night to ensure the brain has time to rest and rejuvenate. Maintain a regular sleep schedule and create a restful environment to improve sleep quality.

Social engagement: Stay connected with friends and family to foster a supportive social network, which is crucial for mental well-being. Join clubs, volunteer, or participate in community activities to remain socially active and engaged.

Stress management: Practice mindfulness, meditation, or yoga to manage and reduce stress, which can negatively impact cognitive health. Employ healthy coping strategies to handle chronic stress effectively, maintaining mental equilibrium.

Regular medical check-ups: Schedule regular visits to healthcare providers for comprehensive cognitive and physical health assessments. Discuss any concerns about cognitive changes with a doctor to receive appropriate guidance and intervention.