Everything you need to know about vaginal discharge, when you should be cautious

Typically, normal vaginal discharge is clear or milky, devoid of a strong odour. Throughout the menstrual cycle, its colour and texture can fluctuate (Image: Canva)

Vaginal discharge is a vital and natural element of a woman's reproductive system. It originates from the glands within the vagina and cervix, responsible for producing fluid that helps eliminate old cells from the vaginal walls. This discharge is integral to maintaining vaginal health and cleanliness.

However, recognising what constitutes normal discharge and when to seek medical attention for abnormal variations is crucial.

Normal vaginal discharge

Every woman experiences vaginal discharge, which is fundamental for preserving the vagina's acidic environment to fend off germs and infections, says gynaecologist Manisha Kadam, who practises from her clinic Nidan Mother care. Typically, normal vaginal discharge is clear or milky, devoid of a strong odour. Throughout the menstrual cycle, its colour and texture can fluctuate. During ovulation, breastfeeding, or sexual arousal, the discharge may thicken.

Characteristics of normal discharge:

• Clear or milky colour
• Absence of foul odour
• Fluctuations in consistency during the menstrual cycle
• Slight acidity to deter germs

While normal discharge is generally harmless, alterations in colour, odour, consistency, or accompanying symptoms may signify an issue. Abnormal discharge could indicate infection or inflammation, such as:

Thrush (Yeast Infection): It is characterised by thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge, often accompanied by itching and irritation.

Bacterial vaginosis: It presents as greyish-white or yellow discharge with a fishy odour, particularly noticeable post-sex. Itching and redness may also occur.

Trichomoniasis: It manifests as watery, yellow-green, or frothy discharge with a strong odour. Symptoms can include itching, burning, and pain during urination.

Causes of vaginal discharge

Normal vaginal discharge aids in maintaining vaginal health, yet factors like douching, certain soaps, antibiotics, diabetes, and infections can disturb the healthy balance of vaginal bacteria. These disruptions can lead to abnormal discharge and infections.

Douching: Can irritate the vagina and disrupt the bacterial balance, increasing infection risk.

Feminine hygiene products: Sprays, soaps, and scented products can disrupt vaginal pH.

Antibiotics: Alters the natural bacteria balance.

Pregnancy, infections, diabetes: Various health conditions can impact vaginal health and cause changes in discharge.

How to prevent abnormal discharge

While normal discharge does not require prevention, these steps to maintain vaginal health can reduce the risk of abnormal discharge:

Front to back wiping: After using the toilet, always wipe from front to back to prevent bacterial spread, says Kadam.

Wear cotton underwear: Opt for breathable cotton underwear to allow air circulation.

Avoid irritants: Steer clear of tight clothing, douching, feminine sprays, and harsh soaps.

Maintain proper hygiene: Daily bathing or showering with gentle soap and thorough drying of the genital area.

Practice safe sex: Use condoms to prevent sexually transmitted infections that can lead to abnormal discharge.

Diagnosis and treatment

If there are noticeable changes in vaginal discharge, it is essential to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. A doctor may conduct a pelvic exam and collect a sample of the discharge for lab analysis.