Early symptoms of fatty liver disease: Fatigue, jaundice, unexplained weight loss are warning signs

Mild discomfort or pain, typically in the upper right side of the abdomen, could indicate liver inflammation or enlargement. (Image: Canva)

Fatty liver disease is increasingly important due to its prevalence and impact on overall health. It occurs when excess fat accumulates in liver cells, often due to poor diet, obesity, or metabolic disorders like diabetes. While early stages may be symptomless, untreated fatty liver can progress to more severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer. Additionally, fatty liver is closely linked to cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance. Early diagnosis and lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular exercise, are crucial to prevent long-term liver damage and improve overall well-being. Identifying early signs of fatty liver disease is essential for timely intervention. Delhi-based Dr. Neelima Rana shares 7 crucial points to recognise:

Fatigue and weakness

Persistent fatigue and weakness can be an early sign of fatty liver disease. As the liver becomes burdened with fat deposits, it struggles to detoxify the blood and metabolise nutrients effectively. This disruption in metabolic functions leads to feelings of exhaustion, even with adequate rest and sleep.

Abdominal discomfort or pain

Mild discomfort or pain, typically in the upper right side of the abdomen, could indicate liver inflammation or enlargement. This pain is usually dull but consistent and may worsen after eating fatty foods. The pressure results from the liver swelling due to fat accumulation, signalling early liver distress.

Unexplained weight gain or loss

Sudden, unexplained weight gain is often linked to a fatty liver as metabolic processes are impaired, causing the body to store fat inefficiently. Conversely, rapid weight loss due to dietary changes or illness can stress the liver further, worsening fatty liver progression, especially in individuals already prone to it.

Also see | Prevent cancer: Include berries, garlic, turmeric and other superfoods in daily diet to reduce risk

Elevated liver enzymes

Routine blood tests showing elevated levels of liver enzymes such as ALT and AST are a key early indicator of fatty liver disease. Even in the absence of symptoms, these enzyme spikes suggest liver inflammation or damage, requiring further investigation through imaging or additional blood work to confirm.

Jaundice

Jaundice, characterised by yellowing of the skin and eyes, may occur if fatty liver disease severely impairs liver function. Though it is more common in advanced stages, the buildup of bilirubin due to compromised liver processing abilities can manifest early, indicating potential liver inflammation or damage.

Swelling in the abdomen (ascites)

Swelling in the abdomen, known as ascites, can develop in more advanced stages of fatty liver disease, but mild bloating or puffiness may appear early. The accumulation of fluid results from liver dysfunction, signalling an imbalance in protein production and blood flow, which compromises the body's fluid regulation.

Unexplained dark urine

Darkened urine can occur if liver dysfunction impacts the breakdown and excretion of waste products like bilirubin. Though less common in early stages, this symptom could indicate the liver’s struggle to process toxins, potentially signalling the onset of more significant liver damage or inflammation.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Please don’t treat it as a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnoses.