Conjunctivitis: 10 symptoms, causes, how it spreads, and preventive tips
The conjunctiva is a thin protective layer of the eye. Conjunctivitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or allergies. It can spread through dirty hands, poor hygiene, flies, or by sharing personal items. Common symptoms include redness, swelling, watery or sticky discharge, itching, and pain. Prevention requires hygiene and avoiding shared items. Treatment may include antibiotic or antiviral eye drops, and washing the eyes with clean water.
Structure and function of conjunctiva The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that is normally transparent, and lines the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior part of the eyeball. The secretory glands release mucus which aids in keeping the conjunctiva moist. This membrane is likely to get infected, and must be adequately cared for.(Image: Canva)
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Definition and causes of conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva is known as conjunctivitis, and it shows an increased blood collection in the eye, along with some discharge. There are number of causes that may lead to conjunctivitis. It can be bacterial, viral, fungal, or even parasitic. Some people with allergies may also develop conjunctivitis.(Image: Canva)
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Natural protection of conjunctiva The conjunctiva is naturally protected by the physical protection offered by the eyelids, and the antibacterial activity of certain enzymes called lysozymes. The flushing of tears also helps in keeping the micro-organisms away. Exposure to air keeps the temperature low, and aids in the defensive mechanism.(Image: Canva)
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Predisposing factors for conjunctivitis Factors that may predispose to the development of conjunctivitis include flies, poor hygienic conditions, a hot and dry climate, and poor sanitary conditions. Dirty habits can also cause an infection to establish in the eye. It is vital to keep the surrounding tidy and maintain good sanitary practices.(Image: Canva)
Modes of spread of conjunctivitis Infection may spread from one person to another by close contact, or through the air. Water-borne infections are common as well, and flies can also lead to transmission. Infected materials and common handkerchiefs and towels may also increase the chances of infection.(Image: Canva)
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Common symptoms of conjunctivitis A person with conjunctivitis may experience discomfort in the eyes, along with a foreign body sensation. A difficulty in tolerating light may be observed and the person may complain of a mucous or a pus-filled discharge from the eyes. The eyes may stick together while sleeping because of this discharge.(Image: Canva)
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Other eye symptoms Individuals with conjunctivitis may also experience seeing coloured halos, because of the prismatic effect of the mucus that lodges over the cornea (the transparent outer layer that covers the iris and the pupil). The eye has a fiery-red colour because of congestion.(Image: Canva)
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Conjunctivitis in children Children may also develop conjunctivitis (occurs due to diphtheria) and may experience severe pain in the affected eye(s). Some discharge is not uncommon, and the eye-lids may become swollen and hard. A thick, greyish-yellow membrane may be seen, that becomes adherent to the conjunctiva.(Image: Canva)
Preventive hygiene measures It is necessary to follow clean and hygienic habits to avoid infecting the eye frequently. Washing your hands, keeping flies away, and maintaining tidy surrounding are crucial. Since conjunctivitis may spread through various modes of transmission, common towels must be avoided.(Image: Canva)
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Treatment and management The healthcare provider may prescribe topical antibiotics like gentamycin eye drops. Irrigating the conjunctival sac may also be helpful. This can be carried out with the help of sterile warm saline, once or twice a day, which aids in removing the deleterious materials.(Image: Canva) Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis
Rajeshwaari Kalla is a freelance health and wellness writer
