Chandipura virus: 8 reasons why it severely affects children

Chandipura virus: Children's immune systems are not fully developed, making them more vulnerable to infections like CHPV. (Image: Canva)

Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an arbovirus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family, initially identified in the Chandipura village in India. Transmitted primarily through sandflies, CHPV is known for causing acute encephalitis, especially in children. Symptoms include high fever, vomiting, seizures, and altered consciousness, often progressing rapidly to severe neurological complications and high mortality rates.

The virus predominantly affects regions in India and has been associated with several outbreaks. Due to its rapid disease progression and severe impact on young populations, CHPV represents a significant public health concern in endemic areas.

Here are eight reasons why it affects kids according to Rajeev Shrivastav, paediatric surgeon practicing in Ahmedaad.

Immature immune systems: Children's immune systems are not fully developed, making them more vulnerable to infections like CHPV. Their bodies have fewer antibodies and less ability to fight off new pathogens, leading to a higher susceptibility to severe infections and complications compared to adults, who have a more robust and mature immune defense.

Behavioural factors: Children often engage in outdoor activities, increasing their exposure to environments where sandfly vectors of CHPV thrive. Their play habits, such as exploring and spending time in areas with vegetation or standing water, put them at a higher risk of being bitten by infected sandflies, which transmit the virus.

Lack of immunity: CHPV is not widespread, so many children have not been previously exposed to it, leading to a lack of immunity. This absence of prior exposure means their immune systems are unprepared to combat the virus, resulting in a higher likelihood of developing severe symptoms upon infection.

Rapid disease progression: In children, CHPV can quickly escalate to severe neurological symptoms, such as encephalitis. Their bodies, particularly their central nervous systems, are less capable of containing and managing the rapid viral replication, leading to swift deterioration and higher mortality rates compared to adults.

Neurological vulnerability: The developing brains of children are particularly susceptible to infections that cause encephalitis. CHPV can severely impact neurological functions, leading to long-term cognitive and motor deficits. This heightened vulnerability means that children experience more severe neurological outcomes and complications than adults.

Lack of awareness: In many endemic regions, there is limited knowledge about CHPV, resulting in delays in recognising symptoms and seeking medical care for affected children. This lack of awareness among parents and healthcare providers leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment, exacerbating the severity and outcomes of the infection.

Poor healthcare access: Areas where CHPV is prevalent often have inadequate healthcare infrastructure. Limited access to medical facilities, diagnostic tools, and timely treatment means that children suffering from CHPV are less likely to receive prompt and effective care, leading to worse health outcomes and higher mortality rates.

Vector control challenges: Effective measures to control sandfly populations are often lacking in endemic regions. Inadequate vector control efforts result in higher sandfly populations and increased transmission of CHPV. Children, who are frequently outdoors, are more likely to be bitten by infected sandflies, increasing their risk of contracting the virus.