Can Tirzepatide-based drugs Mounjaro and Zepbound manage type 2 diabetes?

Common side effects of Mounjaro include nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation, hypoglycemia, increased heart rate, allergic reactions, injection site reactions, and acute gallbladder disease. (Image: Canva)

Eli Lilly and Co. has achieved a significant milestone by securing the first approvals for the import and sale of a weight-loss medication in India, surpassing Novo Nordisk AS, the maker of ozempic. Eli Lilly plans to market these medications under the brand names Zepbound and Mounjaro, both chemically known as Tirzepatide. Initially developed to treat type 2 diabetes, these medications have also proven effective for weight loss, potentially revolutionising the management of these conditions in adults.

A dual benefit for diabetes and obesity

According to Dr Rajiv Kovil, head of diabetology at Zandra healthcare, tirzepatide-based drugs Mounjaro and Zepbound can be game-changers in type 2 diabetes management and weight loss. With rising cases of type 2 diabetes and obesity due to factors such as poor diet choices, lack of physical activity, and stress, these drugs offer a much-needed solution. Tirzepatide is a prescription medication advised alongside diet and exercise to control blood sugar levels. It is prescribed to adults with type 2 diabetes and those struggling with obesity. Tirzepatide includes a second hormone called GIP, which enhances the body’s ability to break down sugar and fat.

Usage and side effects

Mounjaro (tirzepatide): Mounjaro is a dual-acting GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist that manages fasting and postprandial glucose levels, reduces food intake, and assists in weight management. Common side effects of Mounjaro include nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation, hypoglycemia, increased heart rate, allergic reactions, injection site reactions, and acute gallbladder disease.

Zepbound: Zepbound is an injectable prescription medicine beneficial for adults battling obesity, excess weight, or weight-related medical problems. When used alongside a low-calorie diet and increased physical activity, Zepbound can significantly aid in weight loss. Its side effects include burping, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, fatigue, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hair loss, hypersensitivity reactions, nausea, and vomiting.

Key differences between mounjaro and zepbound

Both Mounjaro and Zepbound are FDA-approved and used to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity. Mounjaro is specifically FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes, while Zepbound is approved for weight loss. Both medications contain the active ingredient tirzepatide, manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, and should be taken in the doses prescribed by a doctor.

In the US, Zepbound is the brand name for the obesity drug, and Mounjaro is for diabetes. However, in the rest of the world, both conditions will be treated under the name Mounjaro.

Who should avoid these medications?

Individuals with a history of pancreatitis, gallstone disease, pregnancy, lactation, or diabetic retinopathy should not use these drugs. It is crucial to understand how these medications work, be aware of their side effects, and follow the dosage recommended by a healthcare professional to avoid any complications.