CBSE Class 12th Physics Exam on February 21, 2025: Important Chapters, Topics, Formulas for Revision

CBSE Class 12th Physics: Important Chapters, Topics, Formulas for Revision

CBSE Class 12 Physics exam will be held on Friday, February 21, 2025. The CBSE 12th Physics paper will begin at 10.30 am on February 21, and conclude at 1.30 pm. This year, over 17.88 lakh students have registered for the CBSE Class 12 board exams across 120 subjects.

Physics is often considered one of the most challenging subjects in the CBSE Class 12 syllabus, requiring a deep understanding of concepts, numerical problem-solving skills, and formula retention. With the Class 12 Physics board exam scheduled for February 21, 2025, students must now focus on quick revisions, formula memorization, and high-weightage topics to maximize their scores.

To help students streamline their preparation, we have compiled a list of the most important chapters, key topics, and essential formulas recommended by experts. By prioritizing these areas and following an effective study strategy, students can boost their confidence and improve their performance on the exam day.

ALSO READ: CBSE Date Sheet 2025: CBSE 10th and 12th Exam Date and Time

Some of the Important Chapters and Topics for CBSE Class 12 Physics Board Exam 2025

1. Electrostatics: Electrostatics is one of the most fundamental and high-scoring units in the CBSE Class 12 syllabus. It involves the study of electric charges, fields, and potential differences.

• Coulomb’s Law and applications
• Electric field due to various charge distributions
• Gauss’s Law and its applications
• Capacitance and capacitors in series and parallel
• Energy stored in a capacitor

Key Topics to Focus On:

• Ohm’s Law and limitations
• Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications
• Electrical resistance and resistivity
• Wheatstone bridge and potentiometer

Key Topics to Focus On:

• Biot-Savart Law and Ampere’s Circuital Law
• Magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor
• Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field
• Torque on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field

Key Topics to Focus On:

• Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
• Lenz’s Law and eddy currents
• Self and mutual inductance
• AC circuits, resonance, and power factor

Key Topics to Focus On:

• Reflection and refraction of light
• Lens formula and mirror formula
• Optical instruments (microscopes, telescopes)
• Young’s Double-Slit Experiment

Key Topics to Focus On:

• Photoelectric Effect
• Bohr’s atomic model
• Radioactivity and nuclear reactions
• Semiconductor devices (diodes and transistors)

Electrostatics

Electric field (E) due to a point charge: E = k * q / r²
Potential (V) due to a point charge: V = k * q / r
Capacitance (C) of a parallel plate capacitor: C = ε₀ * A / d

Current Electricity

Ohm's Law: V = I * R
Resistivity (ρ): ρ = R * A / l
Power (P): P = V * I = I² * R

Magnetism

Magnetic force (F) on a moving charge: F = q * v * B * sinθ
Biot-Savart Law: dB = (μ₀ / 4π) * (I * dl × r̂) / r²

Electromagnetic Induction

Induced EMF (ε): ε = -dΦ / dt
Self-inductance (L): L = (μ₀ * N² * A) / l

Optics

Lens formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Magnification (m): m = h' / h = -v / u

CBSE Class 12 Physics Exam Preparation Tips 2025

Prioritize high-weightage chapters: Focus on Electrostatics, Magnetism, Current Electricity, Optics, and Modern Physics, as these chapters collectively contribute to a major portion of the marks.

Practice previous year’s papers: Solving at least 5 years of past papers will help you understand exam trends and frequently asked questions.

Revise key formulas daily: Keep a formula sheet handy and revise it every morning and before sleeping.

Attempt mock tests: Practicing full-length timed tests will improve speed, accuracy, and confidence.

Follow NCERT thoroughly: Nearly 80% of the questions are based on NCERT concepts and derivations—make sure you understand them well.