Scientists discover ancient arctic salmon fossil, rewriting history of fish evolution

73-million-year-old fossil of ancient Salmon found in Arctic (Image: UAF/Kevin May)

The oldest known salmonid has been discovered by scientists in the form of a 73-million-year-old fossil found in Arctic, Alaska. The discovery rewrites the evolutionary history of salmon. The study also unveils the unknown ancient fish species.

Who Made the Discovery?

Researchers from the University of Alaska, Fairbanks have uncovered the world’s oldest salmonid. Dr. Patrick Druckenmiller led the team that studied the fossil remains. The study is published in Papers in Palaeontology.

When Did This Fish Live?

The fossil is 73 million years old, or in the Late Cretaceous. This makes it approximately 20 million years older than other known salmonids. The bodies had been exposed in the Prince Creek Formation, on the Colville River in Arctic Alaska.

This region is famous for preserving Cretaceous-era fossils, including dinosaurs and other vertebrates.

How Did They Study It?

Fossilised bones were studied by researchers, and they were compared to modern and extinct fish. CT scans and measurements confirmed its status as the oldest known salmonid redealing fish evolutionary history.

What Makes This Salmon Unique?

Named as Sivulliusalmo alaskensis, this salmonid shows the early evolution of the salmon family. The discovery also revealed two new pike species and the earliest members of the carp and minnow lineages. This expands knowledge of Arctic fish diversity.

From Past to Future

This discovery offers a rare glimpse into Arctic Cretaceous ecosystems. It emphasise on the significance of northern fossil sites. It also reshapes scientific understanding of when and where salmonids first evolved.