Earth’s crust breaking apart in America and China; researchers reveal shocking findings

Scientists have linked the destruction of these ancient cratons to a process known as decratonisation. (Image: Canva)

Researchers have uncovered a fascinating phenomenon: the Earth's oldest continental crusts are gradually disintegrating. Over billions of years, the planet’s surface has continuously shifted, altering its landscape and continental positions. This dynamic process, marked by both expansion and contraction, has drawn attention to the destruction of once-stable cratons.

A recent study published in Nature Geoscience sheds light on this significant geological transformation. Scientists have linked the destruction of these ancient cratons to a process known as decratonisation. Some cratons have remained relatively stable, while others have been deformed or destroyed by forces within the Earth's mantle.

What is decratonisation, and why is it happening?
Decratonisation refers to the deformation and eventual destruction of cratons. Experts suggest that subduction, where one tectonic plate sinks beneath another, and deep mantle plumes, where buoyant segments rise to the surface, may be driving this process. Despite these theories, the exact mechanism behind craton deformation remains unclear.

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Professor Shaofeng Liu of China University of Geosciences has been studying the North China Craton (NCC), which has been undergoing decratonisation for over 200 million years. His research also points to similar patterns in other regions, including the North American, South American, and Yangtze cratons.

"The North American and South American cratons, along with the Yangtze craton in China, have likely experienced similar deformation," Professor Liu explained. "The North American craton underwent trench retreat after flat-slab subduction, though it didn’t show significant rollback."

A new understanding of Earth’s ancient lithosphere
This research offers fresh insights into how ancient lithosphere can break apart. The findings suggest that a particular form of subduction occurring near oceanic plates is driving this disintegration, offering a glimpse into how the Earth’s continents have evolved over time.

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