Maha Kumbh 2025 vs 2013: How India's mega religious gathering has gotten bigger, grander, more tech-savvy

The 2013 Kumbh generated an estimated revenue of Rs 12,000 crore.

As the sacred city of Prayagraj gears up to host the Maha Kumbh 2025, an air of excitement and devotion blankets the region. This year's Kumbh Mela promises to be an unparalleled spiritual gathering, surpassing the grandeur and scale of the Maha Kumbh 2013. With transformative developments in infrastructure and amenities, it stands as a testament to modern governance while preserving India’s rich cultural heritage.

The event’s staggering budget of Rs 5010 crore, supported by a Rs 2010 crore grant from the central government, reflects a monumental leap from the Rs 1214 crore allocated for the 2013 Kumbh. Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath remarked, “This year’s Kumbh is not just a religious event but a global spectacle. The increased budget reflects our commitment to creating world-class infrastructure for devotees from across the globe.”

Economic Impact: From 2013 to 2025

The Maha Kumbh has always been a major driver of economic activity. The 2013 Kumbh generated an estimated revenue of Rs 12,000 crore. By 2019, this figure surged to Rs 1.2 lakh crore, according to a study by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Economic activities tied to the Kumbh created employment for over 6 lakh workers in 2019, spanning various sectors. For 2025, experts estimate the revenue potential to range between Rs 2 lakh crore and Rs 2.5 lakh crore, underscoring its massive scale and economic significance.

Infrastructure transformation

The Maha Kumbh grounds have expanded from 16 square kilometers in 2013 to an expansive 40 square kilometers in 2025, designed to accommodate an estimated 40 crore pilgrims over 45 days, compared to 16 crore in 2013. The creation of Mahakumbh Nagar, a temporary district with 25 sectors and 56 police stations, showcases meticulous planning. “The scale of Maha Kumbh 2025 is unprecedented. This transformation highlights how far we have come in managing such a massive event,” said Dr. Shailendra Singh, a senior official overseeing preparations.

Improved facilities for devotees

The number of toilets has surged from 33,903 in 2013 to 1.5 lakh in 2025, complemented by 300 portable units. Change rooms have increased fourfold to 10,000, ensuring a safe and hygienic environment for pilgrims. “Our aim is to provide not just a spiritual experience but also a safe and clean environment for everyone,” said Ramesh Tiwari, sanitation head of Mahakumbh Nagar.

Naval Raghuvanshi, a regular pilgrim from Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, shared his experience: “I also came to the Maha Kumbh in 2013. There is a lot of difference between that system and today’s system. Facilities have increased. Earlier, we had three toilets in our camp; this time, we have 11. We used to get two taps; now, we have six taps.”

Enhanced transportation

Transportation has undergone remarkable upgrades. Over 7,000 buses, including 200 air-conditioned ones, and more than 200 charter flights will complement regular flights from 23 cities. Additionally, 3,000 special trains will ensure seamless connectivity, geared to handle the daily influx of approximately 5 lakh passengers.

Lighting and energy

With an allocation of Rs 391 crore, lighting infrastructure at the Kumbh area has seen significant advancements. The setup includes 1,532 kilometers of wiring, 67,000 streetlights, and 170 substations. “Illuminating the Kumbh is as symbolic as it is practical, embodying the light of spirituality that guides millions,” observed A.K. Mishra, Chief Engineer for Maha Kumbh 2025.

Technological innovations

Technology will play a vital role in this year’s Kumbh, with drones, AI-powered cameras, and face-recognition systems ensuring security and efficiency. Visitors will have access to real-time assistance through a dedicated Google Chat feature, setting a benchmark for integrating technology into spiritual events.

Record-breaking attendance

Peak attendance on Mauni Amavasya, January 29, is expected to exceed 4 crore devotees, surpassing the 3 crore recorded in 2013. Swami Anand Giri, a noted spiritual leader, commented, “Maha Kumbh 2025 is not just an event; it is a phenomenon that unites humanity in faith and devotion.”

A fusion of tradition and modernity

With its fusion of tradition and modernity, Maha Kumbh 2025 is set to redefine spiritual gatherings. It serves as a beacon of India’s rich cultural legacy and innovative capabilities, promising an unforgettable experience for millions of devotees worldwide. As Prayagraj stands ready to welcome the world, the Maha Kumbh 2025 not only exemplifies progress but also reaffirms the enduring essence of faith and unity.