Peripheral neuropathy: How controlling diabetes, healthy diet, daily exercise can prevent nerve damage

Since one of the primary reasons for the development of peripheral neuropathy is diabetes, it is vital to control your blood sugar levels

Neurons in our system consist of a cell body and peripheral processes known as axons. Certain diseases can have harmful effects on these parts of the neurons, which collectively form the nerves. Peripheral nerves, (nerves apart from the brain and spine), include sensory nerves that are responsible for sensation, motor nerves that regulate movement, and autonomic nerves that control involuntary physiological processes.

When the peripheral nerves are damaged, it is known as peripheral neuropathy. This condition has several causes and can lead to a wide range of symptoms. Timely diagnosis and management is essential in addressing this condition and preventing further nerve damage.

Triggers of peripheral nerve damage:

The causes of peripheral neuropathies include diabetes and metabolic syndromes, infections like hepatitis B and C, HIV, diphtheria and leprosy. Autoimmune diseases (where the body's immune system begins to attack the cells of the self), like Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, can also result in the development of peripheral neuropathies. Cancerous growths and bone marrow disorders have also been speculated as underlying causes.

Signs and effects of periphmusceral neuropathies:

The symptoms of such a condition can include sensory, motor, or autonomic manifestations. Individuals may experience weakness, fainting spells, especially when standing for long hours, heat intolerance, bowel or bladder issues, and sexual dysfunction. Other possible symptoms include a drop in blood pressure upon standing and an increase in heart rate.

Additionally, some people may report numbness, pricking, and tingling sensations in their upper and lower extremities, such as the hands and feet. Some may also experience sharp or burning pain, sensitivity to touch, and a lack of coordination. Muscle weakness and either excessive sweating or a complete absence of sweating can be observed.

If the condition is not diagnosed early, it may lead to complications such as burns and skin injuries on the extremities, fractures resulting from falls due to a loss of balance, and the exacerbation of infectious conditions.

Preventive measures:

Control diabetes: Since one of the primary reasons for the development of peripheral neuropathy is diabetes, it is vital to control your blood sugar levels. Taking your medication on time, maintaining your stress levels and having a healthy sleep cycle is recommended.

Diet: Consuming a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, along with whole grains and proteins, is necessary. The levels of vitamin B12 can be enhanced by including meats, eggs, fortified cereals and fish in your diet.

Exercise: Make sure to consult your orthopaedic doctor or the concerned healthcare professional before performing any activity. Physical therapy may be considered, which can aid in maintaining the strength and mobility of your limbs.

Safety at home: Introducing handrails in the areas that are frequented by you and using canes or walkers to cover long distances is recommended. Well-lit rooms are important to reduce the risk of falls. The right shoes must also be considered (like those with close-toe) to avoid injury to the feet.

Smoking and drinking: Alcohol-related peripheral neuropathy can be a potential complication of alcoholic dependence, as ethanol is considered a neurotoxin. Smoking must also be avoided to prevent from further complicating the condition.