Difference between eczema and dry skin: Symptoms, causes, treatment strategies

Symptoms of dry skin: Dry skin often appears flaky and feels rough to the touch, lacking the smoothness of healthy skin. (Image: Canva)

Eczema and dry skin are prevalent skin conditions that often cause discomfort and can significantly impact one's quality of life. Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic condition characterised by red, inflamed, and itchy patches of skin that can become severe and even lead to blistering and oozing. Dry skin, or xerosis, is typically less severe but still problematic, leading to flaky, rough textures and a tight, stretched feeling. It is primarily caused by environmental factors like cold weather and low humidity, frequent washing with harsh soaps, and dehydration.

While both conditions share some similarities, their underlying causes and treatment approaches differ. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective management and relief, ensuring healthier, more comfortable skin, says Delhi-based dermatologist Ashwini Mathur. The expert also shares the insight on how both can be differentiated along with treatment options.

Symptoms of eczema

Red, inflamed patches: Eczema presents with red, swollen areas that can become intensely itchy, causing discomfort and possible skin damage from scratching.

Severe itching: Itching is often relentless, leading to frequent scratching that can worsen the condition and cause further skin irritation.

Blistering and oozing: In severe cases, eczema can cause blisters that may ooze fluid, increasing the risk of infection and further complications.

Thickened, leathery skin over time: Chronic eczema can lead to skin thickening and a leathery texture due to continuous scratching and inflammation.

Symptoms of dry skin

Flaky, rough texture: Dry skin often appears flaky and feels rough to the touch, lacking the smoothness of healthy skin.

Mild itching: Itching is usually less severe than eczema but can still cause discomfort and occasional scratching.

Tight or stretched feeling: Dry skin can feel tight, especially after washing or exposure to cold weather, making it uncomfortable.

Cracked skin: Severe dryness can lead to cracks in the skin, which may bleed and increase the risk of infection.

Causes of eczema

Genetic factors: A family history of eczema or other atopic conditions can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.

Immune system dysfunction: An overactive immune response to various triggers can cause eczema flare-ups.

Environmental triggers: Allergens, irritants, and changes in weather can provoke eczema symptoms.

Stress and hormonal changes: Emotional stress and hormonal fluctuations can exacerbate eczema.

Causes of dry skin

Cold weather, low humidity: These conditions reduce skin moisture, leading to dryness.

Over-washing or harsh soaps: Frequent washing or using harsh soaps can strip the skin of its natural oils, causing dryness.

Dehydration: Insufficient water intake can affect skin hydration, contributing to dryness.

Ageing: As we age, the skin produces less oil, leading to increased dryness.

Treatment options for eczema

Topical corticosteroids: These are anti-inflammatory medications applied directly to the skin to reduce redness and itching.

Moisturisers: Regular use of thick, emollient moisturisers helps maintain skin hydration and protect the skin barrier.

Immunomodulators: Topical medications like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus help control immune responses in the skin.

Antihistamines: Oral or topical antihistamines can reduce itching and improve sleep in eczema sufferers.

Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding allergens and irritants can prevent flare-ups.

Phototherapy: Controlled exposure to UV light under medical supervision can help reduce eczema symptoms.

Treatment options for dry skin

Frequent Moisturising: Regular application of moisturisers helps keep the skin hydrated and prevents dryness.

Mild, fragrance-free cleansers: Gentle cleansers without harsh chemicals or fragrances help maintain skin moisture.

Humidifiers: Adding moisture to indoor air can help prevent skin dryness, especially in winter.

Adequate hydration: Drinking plenty of water supports overall skin health and hydration.

Avoiding hot showers: Using lukewarm water and limiting shower time can prevent the skin from losing its natural oils.

Protective clothing: Wearing gloves and other protective clothing can shield the skin from harsh environmental factors.

Recognising these differences and using appropriate treatments can help manage and alleviate symptoms effectively.