World Sickle Cell Day 2024: Rainy season can increase pain in patients, here's how to minimise discomfort

World Sickle Cell Day 2024: Preventing malaria is crucial, as infections can severely impact individuals with sickle cell disease, leading to complications and crises (Image: Canva)

The monsoon season poses significant challenges for people living with sickle cell disease (SCD) due to increased risks of health complications. The cold and damp weather can precipitate sickle cell crises, causing pain and discomfort. Exposure to rain and sudden temperature changes can lead to a drop in body temperature, triggering the sickling of red blood cells and resulting in painful vaso-occlusive episodes.

Hydration becomes crucial during the monsoon. High humidity and fluctuating temperatures can lead to dehydration, exacerbating the risk of a sickle cell crisis. The raining season also heightens the risk of infections. Waterlogged areas and increased humidity foster the spread of waterborne and mosquito-borne diseases. These infections can severely impact SCD patients, who already have a compromised immune system, leading to severe complications and hospitalisations.

Here are the steps one can take to avoid complications

Stay warm and dry

Cold and damp conditions can trigger a sickle cell crisis. Avoid getting wet in the rain by wearing waterproof clothing and carrying an umbrella. Staying dry and warm helps maintain a stable body temperature, reducing the risk of pain episodes and complications associated with sickle cell disease, says Dr Anju Narang from Hyderabad.

Hydrate adequately

Adequate hydration is crucial to prevent dehydration, which can precipitate a sickle cell crisis. Drink plenty of clean, safe water throughout the day. Proper hydration helps maintain blood volume and reduces the likelihood of sickle cell formation, which can obstruct blood flow and cause severe pain.

Avoid infections

The monsoon season increases the risk of infections due to higher humidity and waterborne diseases, says Dr Narang. Practice good hygiene by washing hands frequently and avoiding crowded places. Ensure vaccinations are up to date to protect against common infections, as individuals with sickle cell disease are more susceptible to illnesses.

Prevent malaria

Monsoon conditions can increase mosquito activity, raising the risk of malaria. Use mosquito repellents, sleep under insecticide-treated bed nets, and take prescribed antimalarial medications if necessary. Preventing malaria is crucial, as infections can severely impact individuals with sickle cell disease, leading to complications and crises.

Maintain a healthy diet

A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals boosts immunity and overall health. Avoid consuming street food, which may not be hygienically prepared. Focus on freshly prepared, nutrient-rich foods to maintain strength and resilience, helping the body to better cope with the stresses of the monsoon season, says Narang.

Monitor health regularly

Regular health monitoring helps detect early signs of illness, such as fever, cough, or unusual pain, allowing for prompt medical intervention. Keeping track of health status and seeking medical attention at the first sign of trouble can prevent minor issues from escalating into serious complications.

Exercise caution with physical activity

Avoid strenuous physical activities during the monsoon season. Moderate exercise is beneficial, but it's important to take breaks and not overexert. Overexertion can lead to dehydration and increase the risk of a sickle cell crisis, so it's essential to balance activity with rest.

Keep medications accessible

Ensure an adequate supply of prescribed medications and store them in a waterproof container to prevent damage from moisture. Have pain relief medications readily available and know the location of the nearest medical facility. Being prepared ensures timely management of symptoms and reduces the risk of severe complications.