Ovarian cancer symptoms: Watch out for these signs to avoid misdiagnosis

One of the biggest symptoms of ovarian cancer is persistent bloating. Unlike regular bloating that may come and go, ovarian cancer-related bloating tends to linger

Ovarian cancer, often referred to as the "silent killer," presents a formidable challenge to women's health due to its difficult-to-detect nature, especially in its early stages. Recent headlines highlighted a shocking case in the UK where doctors misdiagnosed a 24-year-old woman with pregnancy when she was actually battling ovarian cancer. This incident underscores the importance of recognising the symptoms of this disease.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is difficult to detect in the early stages, often leading to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. However, according to oncologist Sidharth Parimal, there are signs and symptoms you should be aware of.

Persistent bloating: One of the biggest symptoms of ovarian cancer is persistent bloating. Unlike regular bloating that may come and go, ovarian cancer-related bloating tends to linger. Making dietary adjustments such as avoiding gas-inducing foods like beans and carbonated drinks, increasing fibre intake, and staying hydrated can help manage this symptom.

Abdominal or pelvic pain: Constant or recurrent pain in the abdomen or pelvis should not be ignored. While over-the-counter pain relievers may offer temporary relief, seeking medical attention for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan is crucial.

Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly: Loss of appetite or feeling full even after consuming small meals could be a sign of ovarian cancer. Opting for smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding hard-to-digest foods may alleviate this symptom.

Urinary symptoms: Frequent urination or urgency could be a symptom of ovarian cancer. Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, as well as practicing pelvic floor exercises to strengthen bladder control could help manage the symptoms.

Fatigue: Persistent fatigue that doesn't improve with rest can be a red flag for ovarian cancer. Prioritising adequate rest and engaging in activities that promote relaxation are important.

Indigestion or heartburn: Chronic indigestion or heartburn that persists despite lifestyle changes could indicate ovarian cancer. Avoiding spicy and acidic foods and opting for smaller, more frequent meals may help manage these symptoms.

Back pain: Unexplained and persistent back pain, especially in the lower back, warrants attention. Simple remedies like gentle stretching, hot or cold packs, and over-the-counter pain relievers may offer relief.

Changes in bowel habits: Ovarian cancer can lead to changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation. Ensuring an adequate fibre intake and staying hydrated can aid in regulating bowel movements.

Unexplained weight loss or gain: Significant and unexplained changes in weight should be evaluated by a doctor. Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise routine are crucial for overall health.

Changes in menstrual cycle: Any alterations in menstrual patterns, such as heavier or irregular periods, should prompt a discussion with a healthcare provider, especially if accompanied by other symptoms mentioned above, says Parimal.

While these symptoms could indicate ovarian cancer, it's essential to note that they can also be caused by various other conditions. Nonetheless, if any of these signs persist or cause concern, seeking medical advice is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Treatment of ovarian cancer

Early detection is key to successful treatment outcomes in ovarian cancer. Treatment options vary based on the cancer stage and the patient's overall health. Common modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies, with two crucial components standing out: cytoreduction surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Cytoreduction surgery: Also known as debulking surgery, this procedure aims to remove as much of the tumour as possible. Surgeons meticulously target and remove visible cancerous growths within the abdomen. This surgery is crucial for reducing tumour burden, alleviating symptoms like pain, and providing tissue samples for accurate diagnosis.

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC): HIPEC is a specialised treatment often following cytoreduction surgery. It involves circulating a heated chemotherapy solution throughout the abdominal cavity after tumour removal. The localised heat enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy, minimising exposure to the rest of the body and targeting any remaining microscopic cancer cells.