Symptoms of childhood diabetes: Watch out for weight loss, thirst, frequent urination

Diabetes diet: A balanced diet is essential for children with diabetes. Focus on meals rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins (Images: Canva)

Modern life has significantly impacted children’s health, with lifestyle changes contributing to rising diabetes rates. Busy schedules often lead to reliance on fast food and processed snacks, which are high in sugars and unhealthy fats. Sedentary behaviour, fueled by screen time from devices, reduces physical activity, increasing the risk of obesity. These factors create an environment where children are more vulnerable to developing diabetes.

Diabetes, a disorder that was formerly uncommon in children, now becoming a bigger problem in the modern world, says Dr Srinivas Kandula, Consultant Endocrinologist at CARE Hospitals, Nampally, Hyderabad. “It’s important to understand the causes of childhood diabetes and how families can manage it effectively. For example, a child with diabetes can lead a happy and active life by learning about healthy eating and staying active," he adds.

Understanding the causes:

Dr Kandula says there are two primary forms of diabetes in kids: Type 1 and Type 2. The former is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The exact cause remains unclear, but it is believed to stem from a mix of genetic factors and environmental triggers, such as viral infections.

Also read | Type 1 diabetes in children: Causes, symptoms, expert tips on ways to manage the condition

Type 2 diabetes, although previously seen mostly in adults, is increasingly diagnosed in children due to rising childhood obesity. This form of diabetes is primarily related to lifestyle choices, including poor diet, physical inactivity, and excess weight. With proper education and small lifestyle changes, like swapping sugary snacks for fruits, children can manage their condition successfully.

Living with diabetes doesn't have to restrict a child's life, says Dr. Kandula, adding, “With the right lifestyle adjustments, managing diabetes can seamlessly integrate into a healthy routine.”

He suggests the following lifestyle changes to manage diabetes in children:

• Healthy eating habits: A balanced diet is essential for children with diabetes. Focus on meals rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins while avoiding sugary drinks and snacks to help manage blood sugar levels effectively.

• Staying active: Regular physical activity is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels in children. Encourage them to engage in enjoyable activities like cycling, swimming, or sports for at least one hour daily to enhance diabetes management.

• Blood sugar monitoring: Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential for understanding how daily activities affect diabetes management. By tracking their body’s response to food, exercise, and medications, children can prevent sudden spikes or drops in blood sugar levels.

• Emotional support: Living with diabetes can be challenging, especially for children. Creating a supportive environment at home and school, along with regular healthcare consultations and family encouragement, helps build their confidence in managing the condition.