Seasonal respiratory viruses: Symptoms, risk factors, and how to prevent viral infections

Symptoms of respiratory viruses can range from mild to severe. Common signs include fever, chills, fatigue, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and body aches (Image: Canva)

With the change in season, a familiar wave of sneezes, coughs, and fevers begins to spread. It signals the return of respiratory viruses. These viruses can infect the upper respiratory tract (like the nose and throat) and the lower tract (lungs and airways), sometimes progressing to more serious conditions like pneumonia. They spread easily, especially in indoor settings where airflow is poor and close contact is common.

Other common causes include sudden weather changes, exposure to allergens, low immunity, and increased pollution levels. Crowded public places, shared surfaces, and lack of proper hygiene can also accelerate the spread of infections during this time.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), symptoms of respiratory viruses can range from mild to severe. Common signs include fever, chills, fatigue, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and body aches.

Also read | Seasonal influenza: Everything you need to know about the viral infection

Some people may also experience vomiting, diarrhea, a new loss of taste or smell, or a decrease in appetite. Weakness and headaches are frequently reported as well. If you or someone you know is having trouble breathing, experiencing chest pain, or showing other emergency signs, seek medical care right away.

Risk factors:

Anyone can get sick, but certain groups face a greater risk of severe illness from respiratory viruses. Older adults often have weaker immune systems and may have chronic health conditions. Young children’s small airways and developing immune systems make them particularly vulnerable.

Others at higher risk include people with weakened immune systems, pregnant or recently pregnant women, and people with disabilities, especially those living in shared spaces or who have limited access to healthcare. These factors can make even mild viral infections more dangerous.

Also read | Seasonal illnesses: How to avoid infections in children during winter, boost their immunity

Easy steps to protect yourself and others:

Preventing the spread of respiratory viruses starts with basic but effective habits. Vaccination is key: immunisations are available for flu, COVID-19, and, in certain cases, RSV. Washing your hands regularly, improving indoor ventilation, and staying home when you’re sick are essential measures.

If you develop symptoms, stay isolated for at least 24 hours after your fever subsides and your condition improves. Consider masking and maintaining physical distance in crowded spaces. Testing early helps ensure timely treatment and reduces transmission.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.