Common respiratory viruses, like the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), typically cause mild, cold-like symptoms. RSV usually goes away in a week or two for most kids, but it can be dangerous for newborns or kids with weakened immune systems. Runny nose, appetite loss, coughing, sneezing, fever, and wheezing are some of the symptoms. Severe cases may cause cyanosis, dyspnoea, and other symptoms.
RSV is conveyed by direct contact with respiratory droplets from an infected person, which can happen when someone sneezes or coughs. It can also survive on objects like toys and doorknobs. Premature newborns, children with chronic lung or heart diseases under the age of two, children with impaired immune systems, and people with neuromuscular abnormalities are among the high-risk categories, says Dr Shreya Dubey, consultant in neonatology and paediatrics at CK Birla Hospital Gurgaon.
Symptoms of RSV
According to Dr Dubey, the severity of RSV symptoms varies based on the child's age and general health
Mild symptoms: Phobia, runny nose, reduced appetite, fever, wheezing, and coughing.
Severe symptoms: Severe coughing fits, cyanosis (bluish tint around the mouth or fingernails), rapid breathing, and difficulty breathing. Babies can have respiratory issues, decreased activity, and irritability, especially if they are younger than six months.
Transmission of RSV
Direct contact with respiratory droplets from an infected patient is how RSV is transmitted, says Dr Dubey. Others may breathe in the virus when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Furthermore, RSV may survive for several hours on objects like toys, doorknobs, and worktops, which facilitates easy transmission by touch.
High-risk populations
Certain groups of children are at higher risk for severe RSV infections:
Premature infants: They are more vulnerable to serious illnesses due to their immature immune systems and lungs.
Children with chronic issues: Individuals with long-term heart or lung issues, such as congenital heart disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Children with immunocompromised status: Youngsters with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to illnesses.
Children with neuromuscular disorders: These ailments may impair a child's capacity to sustain respiratory function and eliminate mucus.
Also see | Infant eye health: Ensuring retina development, preventing myopia, importance of breastfeeding
Diagnosis and treatment
A clinical examination and tests like nasal swabs can be used to identify RSV. The degree of the symptoms determines the course of treatment:
Mild cases: Treatable at home with rest, drinks, and drugs that lower fever.
Severe cases: If breathing becomes seriously affected, hospitalisation may be necessary for oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and mechanical ventilation.
Prevention of RSV
Several crucial tactics are involved in preventing RSV, says Dr Dubey:
Hand hygiene: Use soap and water to wash your hands often.
Avoid close contact: Keep young people away from ill people.
Clean and disinfect: Toys, doorknobs, and counters should all be routinely cleaned and disinfected.
Crowd avoidance: During RSV season in particular, keep infants away from crowded areas.
No vaccine yet: RSV vaccination research is ongoing, but there isn't one now available for widespread use.
Discover the latest Business News, Sensex, and Nifty updates. Obtain Personal Finance insights, tax queries, and expert opinions on Moneycontrol or download the Moneycontrol App to stay updated!
Find the best of Al News in one place, specially curated for you every weekend.
Stay on top of the latest tech trends and biggest startup news.