Causes and symptoms of inguinal hernia in men: Visible bulge, nausea, vomiting are red flags

Pain or discomfort in the groin, particularly during activities like lifting, coughing, or bending, is common, if you have inguinal hernia.

An inguinal hernia in men occurs when a portion of the intestine or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, specifically in the groin area. This creates a bulge that can be seen and felt, particularly when coughing, bending over, or lifting heavy objects. Men are more prone to inguinal hernias due to the natural anatomy of their groin area, as the inguinal canal is where the testicles descend during foetal development, leaving a potential weak point. Delhi-based Dr Piyush Vardhan, senior hernia surgeon, says that inguinal hernias affect men more frequently due to the following factors:

Anatomical differences

The men's groin area has a natural weak spot due to the inguinal canal, where the testicles descend before birth. This canal is supposed to close after birth but often remains a weak point, making men more susceptible to hernias.

Heavy lifting and physical strain

Men are often involved in activities that require heavy lifting or physical labour, increasing abdominal pressure. This strain can push the intestine through the weakened area in the groin, leading to an inguinal hernia.

Higher incidence of chronic coughing

Conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more prevalent in men, causing persistent coughing. This chronic coughing increases intra-abdominal pressure, contributing to the development of inguinal hernias.

Genetic predisposition

Men are more likely to inherit genetic factors that lead to weak connective tissues, increasing the risk of developing inguinal hernias. A family history of hernias can further elevate this risk, particularly in men.

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Here are the 7 warning signs of inguinal hernia in men, according to Dr Vardhan

Visible bulge in the groin: A prominent lump or bulge appears in the groin area, often more noticeable when standing, coughing, or straining. This occurs because part of the intestine or fatty tissue pushes through a weakened spot in the abdominal wall. The bulge may disappear when lying down, but it is a clear sign of an inguinal hernia.

Groin pain or discomfort: Pain or discomfort in the groin area, particularly during activities like lifting, coughing, or bending, is common. This discomfort may range from mild to severe and is caused by the hernia putting pressure on surrounding tissues. Persistent or worsening pain can indicate the hernia is enlarging or becoming more problematic, necessitating a medical evaluation.

A feeling of heaviness or weakness in the groin: Men may feel a persistent heaviness, pressure, or weakness in the groin area, often after prolonged standing or physical exertion. This sensation is due to the protruding tissue creating pressure on the groin muscles and nearby structures. Although the pain may not be severe, this feeling often indicates the presence of an inguinal hernia.

Burning or aching sensation: A burning, aching, or gurgling sensation may occur in the groin area where the hernia is located. This sensation can be intermittent or constant and is often aggravated by physical activity. The discomfort results from the hernia irritating nearby tissues and nerves, highlighting the hernia's impact on the body and the need for attention.

Swelling around the testicles: The hernia can extend into the scrotum, causing one side to swell or enlarge, often with a feeling of fullness or pressure. This swelling indicates that the hernia has progressed into the scrotum, increasing the risk of complications and potentially causing pain in the testicles. It warrants a prompt medical evaluation.

Difficulty moving bowels or urinating: In severe cases, the hernia can press on the intestines or bladder, leading to constipation, difficulty passing stool, or trouble urinating. This suggests that the hernia is large and affects nearby organs, which can lead to serious complications like bowel obstruction or urinary retention, requiring immediate medical attention.

Nausea and vomiting: Nausea and vomiting can occur if the hernia becomes incarcerated or strangulated, cutting off blood supply to the trapped intestine. This is a medical emergency, as it can lead to tissue death and life-threatening complications. Immediate surgery is needed to relieve the obstruction and restore normal blood flow to the affected area.