6 common digestive disorders: Symptoms of GERD, peptic ulcers, pancreatitis, more

The uneasy flutter in your belly, that strange feeling like your stomach is quietly complaining, is known as digestive discomfort.  This discomfort is the body’s subtle way of saying something’s not well with your gut’s routine.

Your digestive system works continuously to break down food and absorb nutrients. But when something goes wrong, the consequences are more than just an upset stomach. According to Dr Shubhashish Mazumdar, Senior Director of Gastroenterology,  Max Super Speciality Hospital, Vaishali, many patients ignore mild symptoms like gas or acidity, assuming they’ll pass.

However, these could be early indicators of more serious digestive disorders. “Digestive disorders range in severity, and while some are easily managed with lifestyle changes or medication, others require long-term care and monitoring. If you notice persistent changes in your digestion or bowel habits, don’t delay seeing a specialist,” says Dr Mazumdar.

Also read | Improve digestion naturally: Keep your digestive system happy with these 6 tips

He lists the following digestive disorders and their symptoms:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD):

GERD occurs when stomach contents flow back into the oesophagus, causing irritation. Symptoms include a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn), chest pain, acid reflux, sore throat, and sometimes, bronchial asthma. “GERD is often mistaken for heart-related issues. But persistent acidity, especially after meals or at night, is a giveaway sign,” says Dr Mazumdar.

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS):

IBS is a functional disorder with no visible abnormalities but can significantly affect quality of life. Common symptoms include bloating, gas, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea or constipation, often alternating, and mood-related symptoms. Dr Mazumdar explains, “IBS is linked to the gut-brain axis. Emotional stress often worsens symptoms, making psychological support just as important as dietary management.”

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• Hepatitis:

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections. Symptoms range from nausea, fever, and vomiting to yellowing of the eyes and urine. “In chronic cases, hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and even liver failure. Early diagnosis through blood tests is vital for effective management,” warns Dr Mazumdar.

• Peptic ulcers:

These are sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach, oesophagus, or duodenum due to excess acid. Symptoms include sharp upper abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting blood, or passing black stools. Dr Mazumdar notes, “Pain from ulcers can either worsen or improve after eating, depending on the ulcer’s location.”

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• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):

IBD, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, involves chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. “Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea, weight loss, joint pain, and skin rashes. Unlike IBS, IBD has a structural basis and can cause long-term damage if untreated,” says Dr Mazumdar.

• Pancreatitis:

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can be acute or chronic. Common causes include alcohol abuse and gallstones. Dr Mazumdar cautions, “Symptoms are severe upper abdominal pain radiating to the back, vomiting, and bloating. Severe pancreatitis is a medical emergency. It can lead to shock, organ failure, and unconsciousness,”

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.