In a world first, entire nation of Tuvalu is migrating to Australia. Here's why

In a World First, Entire Nation of Tuvalu Is Migrating to Australia. Here's Why

The island nation of Tuvalu has become the first country in the world to begin a planned migration of its entire population to Australia - not due to war or politics, but because of climate change.

Why is Tuvalu Migrating?

Tuvalu, located in the central Pacific, consists of nine low-lying coral islands with a population of just over 11,000. With an average elevation of just 2 meters above sea level, the nation is facing severe threats from rising ocean levels. Climate scientists warn that large portions of the country could be uninhabitable within the next few decades, with two islands already almost submerged. According to NASA, sea levels in the region have risen 15 cm in the past 30 years — a trend expected to accelerate.

What Is the Plan?

In 2023, Tuvalu signed the Falepili Union Treaty with Australia, a groundbreaking agreement that offers Tuvaluans a lifeline. Starting this year, 280 citizens annually will be granted permanent residency in Australia, with full access to housing, healthcare, education, and employment. The first round of applications ended in July 2025, receiving nearly 9,000 registrations — reflecting widespread urgency among Tuvaluans.

When Will It Happen?

The first group of 280 migrants will be selected by ballot and are expected to begin resettling in Australia later in 2025. If the migration continues at this pace, up to 40% of Tuvalu's population could be relocated within a decade through this and other regional migration pathways, including to New Zealand.

What Leaders Are Saying

Australia’s Foreign Minister Penny Wong called it a chance for Tuvaluans to move “with dignity as climate impacts worsen.” Tuvalu’s Prime Minister Feleti Teo urged the global community to protect the rights of nations at risk from climate disasters — hinting at the need for a new international framework.