Deep in the foggy mountains between Nigeria and Cameroon, a shy primate exists quietly. The Cross River gorilla is among the most elusive creatures in the world. With fewer than 300 surviving, it's like a miracle to spot this great ape. Scientists and conservationists work against time to guard them.
Where do Cross River gorillas reside and why are they special?
Cross River gorillas inhabit the mountainous areas along Nigeria's and Cameroon's borders. Cross River basin, Afi mountains, Mbe mountains, and Takamanda National Park are their habitats. These regions are full of rainforests and bamboo groves. The majority of gorillas reside from 1500 to 3500 meters above sea level. They inhabit far-off and difficult areas, not near human habitats. Due to their small number, it is very rare for them to be spotted. Their scientific classification is Gorilla gorilla diehli. They are a subspecies of the western gorilla. Unlike other gorillas, their fur is brownish-grey or black. Faces, hands, and feet remain fur-free. They have a bright red crest on their cone-shaped heads. Males develop silver-coloured patches on their backs as they mature, earning them the name silverbacks.
How do they live and behave in the wild?
Cross River gorillas are social animals and live in groups. They have a silverback male, some females, and their offspring. The groups have between 2 and 20 members. The dominant male leads the group, making feeding and nesting decisions. They build nests from branches and leaves on forest ground. In the rainy season, they shift nests to trees. Their primary food is leaves, nuts, berries, and lianas. Gorillas forage widely to find sufficient nutrients. Some travel outside typical ranges in search of food. Unlike other animals, they cause less damage to crops. In fact, local farmers say they are less destructive than wild pigs.
Why are Cross River gorillas endangered?
The species is threatened by human beings and predators. Crocodiles and big jungle cats are natural threats. Hunting by humans was once widespread, lowering their population significantly. Deforestation increases fragmentation of their habitat, contributing to the danger. There are only around 200 to 300 in the wild. They are Africa's most threatened great ape. Poaching for the forbidden pet trade exacerbates their misery. Adult gorillas are killed by some hunters in order to catch infants. Infants are sold as pets, causing increased exploitation. The Ebola virus poses a serious health threat too. Despite conservation efforts, their numbers continue to dwindle.
Cross River gorillas mature at the age of about 10 years. Females give birth once every four years. Gestation lasts about nine months, similar to humans. Typically, a single baby is born per pregnancy. Mothers care for young for up to four years. The long infant care reduces the frequency of births. Dominant males mate with all sexually mature females in their group. Lifespan averages between 35 and 50 years.
Where can people see Cross River gorillas today?
These gorillas are rarely seen outside remote forests. The Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary plays a key role. Limbe Wildlife Centre in Cameroon hosted a famous gorilla. Nyango, the last captive Cross River gorilla, passed away in 2016. Today, no zoos hold these gorillas in captivity. However, many sanctuaries share facts about them. The goal is to raise awareness for conservation.
Conservationists and scientists remain hopeful despite challenges. Ongoing efforts are made to help conserve their sensitive habitat. With perseverance, the breed can bounce back with time. For the meantime, the elusive gorillas are still signs of nature's silent strength.
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