Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Causes, symptoms and how to prevent this silent threat

Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis often include leg pain, swelling, cramping, soreness, and a change in skin colour (usually turning blue or purple) (Image: Canva)

If you feel persistent pain in the leg, swelling, or notice a change in skin colour, such as blue or purple, it could be indicative of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). When a blood clot, often referred to as a thrombus, is formed in the deep veins of the leg, it is known as deep vein thrombosis.

Deep Vein Thrombosis, or DVT,  is a condition that often goes unnoticed until it becomes a serious medical emergency. If left untreated, this clot can dislodge and travel to the lungs, a condition known as pulmonary embolism, which can be life-threatening.

Identifying the risk factors:

Certain factors increase the risk of developing DVT. These include age (especially above 60), obesity, a history of varicose veins, and prolonged immobilisation, which can occur after recent surgery or among bedridden patients. Pregnancy, post-pregnancy period, high-dose estrogen therapy, intravenous drug abuse, oral contraceptives, and chronic smoking are also predisposing factors.

Recognising the symptoms of DVT:

Symptoms of DVT can be subtle or even absent in some cases. However, they often include leg pain, swelling, cramping, soreness, and a change in skin colour (usually turning blue or purple). If you've been diagnosed with DVT, you should remain vigilant for symptoms of pulmonary embolism, which can include chest pain, dizziness, rapid breathing and pulse, and coughing up blood. Promptly reporting these symptoms to a healthcare provider is essential.

Understanding the complications:

Aside from the potentially fatal pulmonary embolism, DVT can lead to other complications, such as post-thrombotic syndrome and bleeding, which may occur due to the use of blood thinners in DVT treatment. The closer the blood clot is to the lung (ore proximal), the higher the risk of pulmonary embolism.

Diagnostic investigations:

Your doctor may recommend various diagnostic tests, including Duplex scans and MRI to confirm a DVT diagnosis. If pulmonary embolism is suspected, a CT angiography may be performed for further evaluation.

How to prevent DVT

Preventing DVT is essential, and there are several strategies you can employ:

Avoid long flights: When possible, refrain from extended air travel. Sitting for long periods can impede blood circulation. Consider taking short walks during your flight to keep blood flowing.

Walk, talk, walk: If your job involves extended periods of sitting, take short breaks. Consider walking with a colleague or simply calling a friend and walking for 10 to 15 minutes to maintain circulation.

Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity not only helps manage obesity but also promotes the necessary movement of your lower limbs.

Ankle rotations: In situations where walking isn't feasible, try rotating your ankles slowly clockwise and counterclockwise. Repeat this about 10 times when possible to keep blood flowing.

Remember that awareness and proactive steps are crucial in managing the risk of DVT. If you notice any alarming symptoms or fall into high-risk categories, seek immediate consultation with your doctor. Early detection and prevention can save lives when it comes to this often silent and potentially deadly condition.