World Hemophillia Day 2025: Early symptoms of pediatric hemophilia parents shouldn't ignore

Hemophilia is a genetic condition in which the body lacks specific clotting factors needed to stop bleeding. One of the earliest red flags is prolonged bleeding after simple procedures, like heel pricks or vaccinations (Image: Canva)

A bruise on a young one’s elbow or a swelling after crawling could mean more than just growing pain. For some children, these everyday signs might be early warnings of hemophilia, a rare but serious blood disorder.

In its early stages, hemophilia can be incredibly easy to overlook, which is why awareness is key, says Dr Madhav Danthala, Consultant Medical Oncologist & BMT Physician at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad. “Hemophilia is a genetic condition in which the body lacks specific clotting factors needed to stop bleeding. One of the earliest red flags is prolonged bleeding after simple procedures, like heel pricks or vaccinations,” says Dr Danthala.

These signs are often brushed off as normal, but missing them can lead to complications down the line. “As children grow, even minor bumps can trigger internal bleeding, particularly in joints like the knees and elbows, which may swell and cause discomfort. Parents might notice their child avoiding use of an arm or leg. That discomfort, warmth, or swelling may be a subtle sign of a joint bleed,” he says.

If left untreated, it can lead to long-term joint damage. “While bleeding into joints is more common, more serious bleeds, like those in the brain, can also occur, presenting as persistent headaches, drowsiness, or even seizures,” Dr Danthala says.

Also, contrary to popular belief, hemophilia doesn’t always run in families. “It can also occur due to spontaneous gene mutations, which makes awareness and timely diagnosis even more crucial,” the expert says.

• Prolonged bleeding after minor procedures: If a baby bleeds for too long after a routine heel prick or vaccination, it could be more than just sensitive skin.
• Frequent or unexplained bruising: Toddlers do tumble, but constant bruises, especially without obvious injury, are a warning sign worth checking out.
• Swollen or painful joints: Internal joint bleeds often show up as swelling, warmth, or pain, making a child hesitant to use a limb.

• Spontaneous nosebleeds: Repeated nosebleeds without injury can indicate an underlying clotting disorder, especially when paired with other signs.
• Neurological symptoms: Unusual drowsiness, headaches, vomiting, or seizures could signal rare but serious brain bleeds, and should prompt urgent evaluation.