Cirrhosis of the liver causes, symptoms and treatment: Here's how to stop liver damage with healthy diet

If not treated in time, liver cirrhosis can lead to complications like increased blood pressure in the veins that supply the liver (Image: Canva)

Cirrhosis of the liver is one of the top ten leading causes of death in the world. The involvement of the whole liver, disorganisation of the typical architecture of the hepatic parenchyma and formation of nodules characterise it. Under the microscope, areas of necrosis (cell death) may be observed. The cells of the liver, called hepatocytes, undergo continued destruction, which is followed by fibrosis (thickening or scarring of tissue). This ultimately leads to nodule formation, which may be micro or macro nodules.

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Earlier it was thought that cirrhosis could not be reversed. However, it is now clear that it can be reverted when the underlying cause has been treated. The aetiology includes chronic alcohol intake, viral hepatitis (B and C), cystic fibrosis, autoimmune hepatitis and Wilson's disease.

Signs and symptoms: The symptoms may include pain in the right upper part of the abdomen, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia and malaise. The development of yellowish discolouration in the eye and skin may be seen in severe cases (jaundice). Spider-like blood vessels on the skin and pale fingernails (thumb and index finger) may be present. Some women may also experience an absence of periods that do not have underlying causes.

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If not treated in time, cirrhosis can lead to complications like increased blood pressure in the veins that supply the liver. There may also be swelling or oedema in the lower extremities and the abdomen. The spleen may get enlarged because of portal hypertension, and severe internal bleeding may be caused by the bursting of the veins. As the liver is responsible for the metabolisation of nutrients, cirrhosis can interrupt this process and result in malnutrition.

Although there's no complete cure for cirrhosis, you can still manage its symptoms by making smart food choices. Also, consult your doctor to help slow down the disease's progress and protect yourself from other health problems like diabetes and kidney issues.

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Here are some  dietary strategies that can help you manage cirrhosis and improve your health:

Balance your meals: If you have cirrhosis, aim to eat five to six small, balanced meals every day. This helps in avoiding the discomfort of feeling too full or having a small appetite, which is a common symptom.

Reduce sodium, meat, and seafood: Additionally, those in the later stages of the disease should follow a specific diet. Eating less salt, cutting down on meat and raw seafood, and eating more carbohydrates is essential for staying healthy.

Prevent prolonged fasting: It's also advisable to include a night-time snack or an early breakfast upon waking to provide essential nourishment for the body, preventing prolonged fasting periods that may stress the liver. This eating pattern helps maintain stable blood sugar levels and removes the discomfort often associated with this condition.

Say no to alcohol: As one of the significant causes of liver cirrhosis is chronic alcohol intake, it is best to refrain from spirits. Setting drinking goals and keeping a diary of slowly decreasing liquor consumption is advised.