Parkinson's disease: Causes, symptoms and treatment options like physiotherapy and diet guide

Parkinson's disease: Men are statistically more prone to developing Parkinson's disease compared to women (Image: Canva)

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease related to age (surpassed only by Alzheimer’s). It is also known as paralysis agitans.

How is dopamine related to Parkinson’s disease?

The part of the brain called the substantial nigra is responsible for the synthesis of the dopamine hormone. This hormone affects the bodily movements and emotions. It is responsible for the reward system in the brain. Also known as the feel-good hormone, dopamine gives you a sense of achievement and pleasure when you complete a task. In the case of paralysis agitans, there is destruction of parts the substantial nigra, which affects dopamine.

Risk factors

Age-related genesis: Parkinson's disease predominantly strikes individuals in the later stages of life, typically emerging around the age of 60 and onwards.

Genetic influence: There's a genetic component at play, where family history may increase the likelihood of developing Parkinson's.

Environmental triggers: While genetics play a role, certain environmental factors are under scrutiny. Exposure to toxins is one such consideration, although their direct link to Parkinson's remains a subject of ongoing research.

Gender disparity: Men are statistically more prone to developing Parkinson's disease compared to women.

Symptoms and signs

Muscle rigidity: Individuals with Parkinson's frequently experience stiffness in their muscles, making movements laborious and uncomfortable.

Involuntary tremors: A hallmark of the condition, involuntary tremors primarily affect areas that are stationary, occurring at a rate of three to six cycles per second.

Akinesia: This condition hinders the initiation of movements, leading to difficulties in commencing tasks and activities.

Postural reflex impairment: Parkinson's often impairs postural reflexes, leading to compromised balance. This can result in a higher propensity to fall.

Swallowing challenges (Dysphagia): Individuals may encounter difficulties in swallowing, which can impact their ability to eat and drink comfortably.

Speech disorders: Parkinson's can affect speech, leading to changes in vocal quality, articulation, and fluency.

Gait disturbance: As the condition progresses, walking can become challenging, further contributing to the risk of falls.

Fatigue: Coping with Parkinsonism can be mentally and physically exhausting. Simple tasks may require an enormous amount of concentration and effort

Treatment options available for Parkinson’s disease

Physiotherapy: In the initial stages, this condition is usually mild. As it progresses, the person may need supportive therapy like physiotherapy. This can help relieve muscle stiffness and joint pain by certain exercises.

Occupational therapy: Some may consider occupational therapy that aids in helping the person in everyday tasks, like dressing. It may also offer practical solutions and ascertain that their home is safe and adequately set up.

Speech therapy: Parkinson’s disease can affect speech. A speech therapist can assist in speaking and swallowing exercises.

Diet plan: It is advised to enhance the fibre content in diet, and consume enough liquids to help prevent constipation. The quantity of salt may be increased a little to avoid low blood pressure and dizziness.

Medication: It is best to consult the healthcare provider about the right dose and the right medicines. In cases of paralysis agitans, Levodopa is most commonly used for treatment.