Sunscreen pills: Are they best alternative to regular sunscreen?

Sunscreen pills are oral supplements designed to bolster the skin's defenses against UV radiation. (Image: Canva)

In the ever-evolving landscape of skincare, sunscreen pills have emerged as a novel addition, promising enhanced protection against the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. However, the effectiveness of these pills in comparison to traditional topical sunscreens is a topic of considerable debate.

Understanding sunscreen pills

Sunscreen pills are oral supplements designed to bolster the skin's defenses against UV radiation. These pills typically contain high doses of antioxidants, such as polypodium leucotomos extract, which is derived from a tropical fern plant, says Dr Madhu Chopra, MBBS, DORL, and a renowned cosmetologist and managing director of studio aesthetique, Mumbai. She says that the antioxidants are believed to neutralise free radicals generated by UV exposure, thereby reducing oxidative stress and potentially mitigating sun damage.

The science behind sunscreen pills

The primary appeal of sunscreen pills lies in their convenience and the promise of comprehensive sun protection from the inside out, says Dr Chopra. Proponents argue that the antioxidants in these pills can enhance the skin's resilience against UV rays, offering a supplementary layer of defense. However, the scientific community remains cautious due to limited research and clinical studies supporting their standalone efficacy.

While the antioxidants in sunscreen pills do show potential in boosting the body’s natural defense mechanisms against UV radiation, these benefits are not without their limitations. One significant concern is the adequacy of protection provided by these pills alone. The available research suggests that while they may reduce some oxidative damage, they do not offer sufficient protection against the full spectrum of UV radiation, says Dr Chopra.

Limitations and concerns

The primary disadvantage of relying solely on sunscreen pills is their inability to provide comprehensive protection. Topical sunscreens create a physical barrier on the skin's surface, reflecting and absorbing harmful UV-A and UV-B rays. This physical protection is crucial in preventing sunburn, premature aging, and skin cancer. In contrast, the protection offered by sunscreen pills is internal and less direct, making it inadequate as a sole method of sun defense.

Moreover, there are concerns regarding the long-term use of these supplements. High doses of antioxidants, while beneficial in moderation, can have unintended consequences. For instance, excessive intake of certain antioxidants may lead to additional tanning, counteracting the primary goal of sun protection. This highlights the importance of using sunscreen pills in conjunction with, rather than as a replacement for, traditional sunscreens.

Dr Madhu Chopra emphasises that there is no substitute for a good topical sunscreen. She asserts that while sunscreen pills can provide an extra boost in the body’s defense against UV radiation, they should not be relied upon as the primary method of sun protection. The most effective defense remains topical sunscreens, which offer reliable and comprehensive protection against both UV-A and UV-B rays.

The expert advocates for the use of broad-spectrum sunscreens, which not only protect against sunburn but also guard against the deeper penetrating UV-A rays responsible for premature aging and skin cancer. Combining these sunscreens with antioxidant-rich oral supplements can enhance overall protection, but the supplements alone are insufficient.