World COPD Day 2025: Pulmonologist shares simple ways to protect your lungs from pollution if you have Asthma or COPD

Air pollution worsens asthma and COPD symptoms. Experts share simple steps to protect lung health indoors and outdoors, from cleaning tips to masks and vaccines. (Image: Pexels)

For many people living with Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in India, every breath can feel like a gamble. Rising air pollution in cities and towns across the country is not only irritating but potentially dangerous for lung health. Experts stress that protecting your lungs is not just about avoiding the outdoors; it’s about making daily choices that reduce exposure to harmful pollutants.

Air pollution triggers inflammation in the airways, making it harder to breathe and worsening symptoms in asthma and COPD patients. “Short-term exposure to polluted air can aggravate symptoms, cause flare-ups, and increase the need for medication,” says Dr Aswathy Thazhakottuvalappil, Consultant, Department of Respiratory Medicine, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram. “Long-term exposure can reduce lung capacity and increase the risk of severe respiratory illness or even death," she tells Moneycontrol.

Pollution doesn’t just come from traffic or factories. Indoor air — dust, mould, pets, incense smoke, and even cooking fuels — can be just as harmful. Dr Thazhakottuvalappil explains, “Many patients underestimate indoor pollution.  your home dust-free and well ventilated.  Basic practices like keeping homes clean, dust-free, and well-ventilated is essential, especially for those with asthma and COPD.”

Also Read: Doctors explain why toxic air damages lungs, causes long-term breathing disorders

Additionally, for people struggling with frequent breathlessness it’s important to take lung health seriously.  “While pollution cannot be entirely avoided, combining smart habits, prevent preventive care and medical guidance can make a huge difference.“ she says, adding, “Every step taken to protect the lungs is a step toward healthier more comfortable life.”

Dr Thazhakottuvalappil shares simple ways to protect your lungs:

• Keep the indoor air clean. Always wash bedsheets, curtains, other furnishings, and soft toys regularly. Fix damp areas and avoid using smoke or biomass fuels for cooking.
• Be careful with outdoor air. Try not to go out early in the morning or in the evening when pollution is highest. Always wear a mask if you step outside, and never burn waste—dispose of it safely.
• Go for regular check-ups. Frequent lung check-ups help your doctor keep track of your condition and adjust treatment if needed.
• Take your medicines properly. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully to keep symptoms under control.
• Quit smoking in all forms. Cigarettes, vapes, hookah—all of them can harm your lungs.
• Exercise gently. Walk, stretch, or do light activities to strengthen your lungs. Avoid exercising outdoors when the air is polluted.
• Get vaccines on time. Annual flu shots and other recommended vaccines can protect your lungs from infections that might make your condition worse.

FAQs on COPD:

1. What is COPD?

COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that obstructs airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus production, and wheezing.

2. How is COPD diagnosed?

COPD is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical exams, and lung function tests such as spirometry.

3. What causes COPD?

The primary cause of COPD is tobacco smoking. Other factors include long-term exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust.

4. Can COPD be cured?

COPD cannot be cured, but its symptoms can be managed with medication, lifestyle changes, and therapy.

5. What lifestyle changes can help manage COPD?

Quitting smoking, maintaining clean indoor air, avoiding polluted outdoor air, regular check-ups, and following medical advice can help manage COPD effectively.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.