Monsoon respiratory infections: How to differentiate between a common cold and a COPD flare-up

Common cold symptoms: A common cold usually comes with mild symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, low-grade fever, and a moderate cough

As monsoon begins, many people experience a rise in coughs, colds, and other respiratory issues. The sudden change in weather, combined with dampness and pollution, creates the perfect environment for infections to thrive. While most of us shrug off a common cold, people living with chronic respiratory conditions like COPD need to be extra cautious.

According to Padma Shri Dr Mukesh Batra, Founder-Chairman Emeritus of Dr Batra’s Healthcare, "with monsoon, there is a rise in respiratory problems because of sudden weather changes, excessive humidity, and increased exposure to allergens and airborne illnesses.”

COPD is a long-term condition where lung function gradually worsens, often unnoticed until middle age or later. Unlike a common cold that clears up in days, a COPD flare-up can severely affect breathing and overall health. Says Dr Batra, “COPD is not something that happens overnight; it develops slowly over the years, even before symptoms appear.”

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Dr Batra shares tips on how to recognise the difference between a cold and a COPD flare-up:

Severity and duration of symptoms: A common cold usually comes with mild symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, low-grade fever, and a moderate cough. These tend to improve within a week. COPD flare-ups, however, involve worsening breathlessness, even at rest, and persistent coughing that produces thick, coloured mucus (green or yellow).

Changes in breathing: If you notice chest tightness or wheezing that wasn’t there before, it could indicate a COPD exacerbation. Dr Batra advises, “Increased breathing problems and chest tightness are red flags for COPD flare-ups.”

Energy levels and sleep: COPD flare-ups often cause fatigue and disturb sleep due to difficulty breathing. In contrast, a common cold rarely affects your energy or rest as dramatically.

Also read | Pneumonia and long-term health risks, from reduced lung capacity to increased airway resistance, more

Mucus production and colour: While a cold might cause clear or white mucus, COPD flare-ups usually involve a sudden increase in thick, coloured sputum, a sign of infection or inflammation.

Natural ways to support respiratory health during monsoon:

Homeopathy offers a gentle, personalised approach to respiratory care. Dr Batra explains, “Homeopathy considers the emotional condition and overall health, not just the physical symptoms.” Common remedies include Antimonium Tart for rattling coughs, Arsenicum Album for wheezing with anxiety, and Bryonia Alba for dry coughs worsened by movement.

Besides remedies, lifestyle changes play a crucial role. Avoid pollution by staying indoors, use air purifiers, and try steam inhalation with eucalyptus oil to clear congestion. Drinking warm fluids such as tulsi tea, ginger water, or turmeric milk helps reduce mucus. Simple breathing exercises like Anulom Vilom can improve lung capacity. Importantly, avoid smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.