Fatigue to weight loss: Common signs and symptoms of fatty liver disease in women

Mild discomfort or a dull ache in the upper right side of the abdomen, where the liver is located, is a common symptom of fatty liver. (Image: Canva)

Fatty liver, or hepatic steatosis, occurs when excess fat accumulates in liver cells. This condition can be classified into two types: alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), caused by heavy alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is linked to metabolic conditions like obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Fatty liver often develops silently, with symptoms emerging only in advanced stages. Initial signs might include fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and mild weight loss. If left untreated, fatty liver can progress to more serious liver conditions, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, or cirrhosis. Managing a fatty liver typically involves lifestyle changes such as weight loss, healthy eating, and regular exercise. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent progression and maintain liver health. Here’s a detailed look at the common signs and symptoms of fatty liver disease in women, according to Delhi-based gynaecologist Dr Romila Banerjee:

Fatigue: Women with fatty liver disease might experience ongoing, unexplained tiredness or a lack of energy. This can affect daily activities and the overall quality of life. Fatigue is often one of the earliest symptoms and can be associated with inflammation and liver dysfunction.

Abdominal discomfort: Mild discomfort or a dull ache in the upper right side of the abdomen, where the liver is located, is a common symptom. This discomfort may be due to liver inflammation or enlargement.

Unexplained weight loss: While not always present, some women may experience sudden or unexplained weight loss. This can be a result of changes in metabolism or liver function affecting overall health.

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Jaundice: Jaundice, or the yellowing of the skin and eyes, is a more severe symptom and indicates that the liver is not functioning properly. It occurs when there is an accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment, in the blood.

Swelling: Fluid retention, leading to swelling (oedema) in the legs, ankles, or abdomen, can occur due to liver dysfunction. This swelling can be associated with complications like liver cirrhosis.

Nausea: Women with fatty liver disease may feel nauseated or have a reduced appetite. This can be linked to liver inflammation or poor digestion.

Dark urine: Dark-coloured urine can be a sign of liver issues, including fatty liver disease. The dark colour is often due to excess bilirubin in the urine, which can be a sign of liver dysfunction.

Itchy skin: Generalised itchiness or rash may be experienced due to the build-up of bile salts in the bloodstream. This is more common in advanced liver disease but can occur in fatty liver disease as well.

Enlarged liver: An enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) may be detected during a physical examination. It can be identified through palpation or imaging tests and is often a sign of liver inflammation or fatty infiltration.