Common types of cancer in men above 40, preventive measures to minimise risks

Bladder cancer usually affects people over 40 and is more common in men than in women. Industrial chemical exposure and smoking are risk factors. (Image: Canva)

Men are far more vulnerable to many kinds of cancer as they get older. Therefore, it is imperative that men over 40 are well-informed about the most common cancers affecting their age group, understand how to prevent cancer, and recognise the importance of early detection.

Early detection of cancer has a significant positive impact on treatment results and survival rates. Routine screenings, such as colonoscopies, PSA tests, and skin checks, can catch cancer in its early stages when it is most treatable.

Common types of cancers in men over 40

Prostate cancer: The most frequent cancer in men, especially those over 50, is prostate cancer, says Dr Dinesh Singh, chairman of radiation oncology at Andromeda Cancer hospital, Sonipat. He says that the prostate gland is the only organ where it first appears and usually grows slowly, thus early detection is essential. A digital rectal exam (DRE) and a blood test for the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are commonly used in the screening process for prostate cancer. Men over 40 should talk to their Dr about the advantages and disadvantages of these checks, particularly if there is a family history of the condition.

Lung cancer: One of the main causes of cancer-related fatalities globally is lung cancer, says Dr Singh. Although smoking is the main risk factor, exposure to certain chemicals and second-hand smoke can also cause lung cancer in non-smokers, says the expert. Low-dose CT scans are advised for early identification in high-risk patients, especially those who have smoked for an extended period of time. Regular checkups are essential because lung cancer in its early stages is more curable.

Colorectal cancer: Men older than 40 are frequently diagnosed with colorectal cancer, which affects the colon or the rectum, says Dr Singh. Frequently, this malignancy begins as benign polyps that eventually develop into cancer. Colonoscopies and other routine screenings can find and remove these polyps before they develop into cancer. If there is a family history of colorectal cancer, men should start having frequent screenings for the disease at age 45 or earlier.

Bladder cancer: Bladder cancer usually affects people over 40 and is more common in men than in women. Industrial chemical exposure and smoking are risk factors. Urination pain, frequent urination, and blood in the urine are possible symptoms. Early identification can be aided by cystoscopies and urine testing, therefore men experiencing these symptoms should consult a Dr very away.

Melanoma: Dr Singh says that the severe kind of skin cancer known as melanoma is associated with tanning beds and prolonged sun exposure. Men over 40 should see a dermatologist once a year to have their skin checked for changes, including the appearance of new moles or modifications to already-existing ones. The likelihood of a favourable outcome from melanoma treatment can be greatly increased by early identification.

Prevention tips to stay safe

Give up smoking: Smoking is a major contributor to a number of malignancies. Giving up smoking can significantly lower the risk of bladder, lung, and other cancers. Men who want to stop smoking should look for resources and support.

Balanced diet: A diet high in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains promotes general health and lowers the risk of cancer. Red meat and processed food consumption should be kept to a minimum.

Frequent exercise: Retaining a healthy weight by engaging in frequent exercise will help reduce the risk of numerous malignancies. Moreover, exercise enhances general mental and physical well-being.

Limit your alcohol consumption: There is no such thing as a safe amount of alcohol. Drinking alcohol has been linked to a higher risk of developing several cancers, such as colorectal and liver cancer. Eliminating or cutting back on alcohol can lower this risk.

The results of cancer treatments might be greatly impacted by early detection. Men over 40 should follow their doctor’s recommendations regarding regular screening regimens. Early diagnosis and more successful therapy can result from early warning sign recognition and fast medical response.