Age, medications and other risk factors during pregnancy that increase autism chances

Expectant mothers taking certain medications during pregnancy, such as valproic acid (used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder) and certain antipsychotics, may inadvertently increase the risk of autism in their offspring

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviours. While the exact cause of ASD remains elusive, researchers have identified a myriad of factors that may contribute to its onset, particularly during pregnancy and birth. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for expecting parents and healthcare providers alike.

Advanced parental age

One of the well-established risk factors for autism is advanced parental age, says Dr Komal Bhadu, Consultant Obstetrics and Gynecologist, Ruby Hall Clinic Wanowire, Pune. The doctor adds that both very young and older parents have been associated with an increased likelihood of having a child diagnosed with ASD. Research suggests that older paternal age may pose a more significant risk.

Prenatal exposure to certain medications

Expectant mothers taking certain medications during pregnancy, such as valproic acid (used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder) and certain antipsychotics, may inadvertently increase the risk of autism in their offspring.

Prenatal exposure to environmental toxins

Exposure to environmental toxins during pregnancy, including heavy metals like lead, pesticides, and air pollutants, has been linked to an elevated risk of autism. Minimising exposure to these harmful substances is crucial for maternal and foetal health.

Nutritional factors

Nutritional intake before and during pregnancy plays a vital role in foetal development. Hence, adequate intake of nutrients such as folic acid around the time of conception and early pregnancy has been associated with a reduced risk of autism. Conversely, nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy may increase the risk.

Maternal health conditions

Certain maternal health conditions, including diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disorders like celiac disease, and extreme maternal stress during pregnancy, have been linked to a higher risk of ASD in children. It is advised to go for proper management of these conditions for maternal and foetal well-being.

Premature birth and low birth weight

Babies born prematurely or with low birth weight are at a higher risk of developing autism. Thereby, close monitoring and appropriate medical interventions are crucial for ensuring the best possible outcomes for preterm infants.

Birth complications

Complications during birth, such as oxygen deprivation or foetal distress, may increase the risk of autism in offspring. Prompt recognition and management of birth complications are essential for minimising potential long-term consequences.

Pregnancy spacing

Short or very long intervals between pregnancies may be associated with an increased risk of autism in offspring. Doctors should consider pregnancy spacing when discussing family planning with their patients.