Symptoms of breast cancer, and 7 ways to understand, manage your risk

Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, nipple discharge (other than breast milk), and skin changes on the breast (Image: Canva)

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cells of the breast, typically starting in the milk-producing glands (lobules) or the ducts that carry milk to the nipple. It is the most common cancer among women globally and can also affect men, though it's rare. Risk factors include age, family history, genetics (BRCA gene mutations), hormonal factors, and lifestyle choices.

Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in breast size or shape, nipple discharge (other than breast milk), and skin changes on the breast. Early detection through screening, such as mammograms, increases treatment options and improves outcomes.

Treatment options vary depending on the cancer's stage and characteristics but often involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy.

Understanding and managing breast cancer risk involves a combination of awareness, lifestyle choices, and medical guidance. Here are seven ways to help understand and manage breast cancer risk, according to Delhi-based oncologist Arvind Kumar.

Know your family history: Understand your family's medical history, particularly regarding breast cancer. A family history of breast cancer can increase your risk, especially if close relatives (mother, sisters, etc.) have had it.

Stay informed about risk factors: Educate yourself about common risk factors such as age (risk increases with age), genetics (BRCA gene mutations), personal health history (previous breast cancer or certain benign breast conditions), and reproductive factors (early menstruation, late menopause, never having children).

Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce overall cancer risk. This includes maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol consumption, and avoiding smoking.

Understand breast density: Women with dense breasts may have a higher risk of breast cancer. Talk to your healthcare provider about your breast density and whether additional screening tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, might be appropriate for you.

Attend regular screenings: Follow recommended guidelines for breast cancer screenings, such as mammograms and clinical breast exams. Early detection through screenings can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Consider genetic counseling/testing: If you have a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors, consider genetic counseling and possibly genetic testing to understand your specific risk profile and make informed decisions about prevention and monitoring.

Stay proactive with healthcare: Maintain regular visits with your healthcare provider for breast health checks and discussions about risk reduction strategies. Be vigilant about any changes in your breasts and report them promptly.