Study reveals a brain protein that helps improve Alzheimer's condition

Alzheimer’s disease gradually erodes memory and thinking, leaving many struggling with daily life. (Picture Credit: Pexels)

Alzheimer’s disease gradually erodes memory and thinking, leaving many struggling with daily life. While treatments often focus on protecting neurons or preventing plaque formation, a new study from Baylor College of Medicine suggests a different strategy; empowering the brain’s natural support cells to clean themselves up.

The study highlights Sox9, a protein that influences how astrocytes function, especially as the brain ages. When the team increased Sox9 in mice with established Alzheimer’s-like symptoms, the astrocytes cleared out toxic amyloid plaques more effectively. The result? Better memory performance and healthier brain tissue.

By contrast, lowering Sox9 made the cells less efficient, leading to more plaque buildup and worsening cognitive performance. This suggests that targeting astrocytes could complement existing approaches focused on neurons, offering a fresh angle in the fight against Alzheimer’s.

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Here’s how boosting Sox9 helps the brain:

Astrocytes as natural cleaners: Astrocytes, star-shaped cells, are the brain’s protective cells. They support neurons, regulate chemicals, and remove waste. Increasing Sox9 makes these cells more active, helping them vacuum up harmful plaques and keep the brain environment healthier.

Tested in realistic models: Unlike many experiments done before plaques appear, this study used mice already showing memory problems. Researchers monitored object recognition and navigation skills over six months, ensuring the findings are more relevant to real-world Alzheimer’s symptoms.

Better memory and less plaque: Mice with higher Sox9 levels showed improved cognition and a clear reduction in amyloid plaques. “It’s like turning on a cleaning system inside the brain,” says Dr Benjamin Deneen. “Rather than just preventing damage, we’re helping the brain repair itself naturally.”

A potential new treatment pathway: Most current Alzheimer’s therapies focus on stopping neurons from dying or preventing plaque formation. Enhancing astrocyte activity introduces a fresh, cell-based approach that could slow disease progression without relying solely on drugs targeting neurons.

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Future research and human implications

While results in mice are promising, scientists emphasise that more research is needed to understand Sox9 in the human brain over time. Still, this work opens the door to therapies that might empower the brain’s own cells to fight neurodegeneration.

FAQs on what happens in Alzheimer:

1. What happens in Alzheimer’s disease?

The brain’s nerve cells gradually deteriorate, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline.

2. Why does memory worsen in Alzheimer’s?

Abnormal protein buildup damages areas of the brain responsible for storing and retrieving memories.

3. What are early signs of Alzheimer’s?

Forgetfulness, confusion about time or place, difficulty finding words, and trouble performing familiar tasks.

4. Does Alzheimer’s only affect memory?

No, it can also impact behavior, decision-making, mood, and the ability to perform daily activities.

5. Can Alzheimer’s be cured?

There is no cure yet, but treatments can help manage symptoms and slow progression in some people.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.