Kidney cancer prevention: Weight management, control blood pressure, stay hydrated

Pain in the flank area, which is the region between the ribs and the hips, can indicate kidney cancer. (Image: Canva)

Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the kidneys - two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. These organs are located on either side of the spine and are essential for filtering waste from the blood and producing urine. Kidney cancer often goes undetected in its early stages, as it usually does not exhibit symptoms until it progresses. Therefore, being informed about the symptoms and understanding preventive measures can play a significant role in early detection and management.

Symptoms of kidney cancer

Recognising the symptoms of kidney cancer can be challenging, especially in its initial stages. Nonetheless, here are the several signs and symptoms that may suggest the presence of this disease.

Blood in the urine (Hematuria): Finding blood in your urine is one of the most common symptoms. It can range from a slight pinkish hue to a more pronounced red or cola colour, says Dr Kshitij Raghuvanshi, Urologist, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune.

Persistent pain in the back or side: Pain in the flank area, which is the region between the ribs and the hips, can indicate kidney cancer. This pain may start as a dull ache and progress to more severe, chronic discomfort.

Lump or mass in the kidney area: Sometimes, a palpable lump or swelling in the kidney region can be felt. This may be discovered during a routine physical examination or imaging tests.

Unexplained weight loss: Dr Raghuvanshi says that sudden and significant weight loss without any obvious reason may be linked to kidney cancer.

Fever: Recurrent fevers that are not due to any infection can be an indicator of cancer.

Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and a general feeling of being unwell can also be signs of kidney cancer, especially if it is advanced.

High blood pressure: Unexplained hypertension can sometimes be a symptom, as cancer can interfere with kidney function and hormone regulation.

Anemia: Kidney cancer often leads to decreased red blood cell counts, causing anemia, which leads to symptoms like fatigue and weakness, says Dr Raghuvanshi.

Prevention of kidney cancer

While it is impossible to prevent kidney cancer completely, certain lifestyle changes and proactive measures can significantly reduce your risk

Avoid smoking: Smoking is a well-known risk factor for kidney cancer. Quitting smoking can drastically lower your risk.

Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of kidney cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can be an effective preventive measure.

Healthy diet: Incorporate a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit the intake of processed foods and red meat, which have been associated with higher risks of various cancers.

Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce cancer risks.

Manage blood pressure: Keep your blood pressure under control through medications, dietary changes, and regular monitoring, as hypertension is a risk factor for kidney cancer.

Hydration: Adequate fluid intake may reduce the concentration of cancer-causing substances in the kidneys.

Avoid overuse of painkillers: Over-the-counter painkillers, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can affect kidney function when used excessively. Use these medications only as directed.

Occupational safety: If you work with hazardous chemicals or substances, follow safety guidelines to minimise exposure to potential carcinogens.

Regular medical checkups: Regular health checkups and screenings can help detect kidney cancer early. If you have risk factors such as a family history of kidney cancer or inherited conditions that predispose you to renal cancer, discuss more frequent screenings with your healthcare provider.