NHS scientists have identified a new blood group system, resolving a medical mystery that has perplexed experts for 50 years. This discovery could transform blood transfusion practices and offer new hope to patients worldwide.

Identification of the MAL Blood Group

Researchers at NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) in South Gloucestershire have identified the MAL blood group. This breakthrough provides clarity on the genetic background of the AnWj antigen, first discovered in 1972 but previously unexplained. Louise Tilley, a senior researcher who has worked on this project for 20 years, indicated that this new test will greatly enhance care for patients with rare blood types.

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Impact of the Discovery

The NHSBT laboratory in Filton has developed a world-first test to detect individuals lacking the AnWj antigen. This test is crucial for patients who might have adverse reactions to standard blood transfusions. With around 400 rare cases each year, this development aims to ensure safer blood matches and reduce transfusion risks.

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Global Implications for Blood Care

Nicole Thornton, head of the laboratory, highlighted that solving the AnWj mystery was a significant challenge. The new test will be integrated into existing genotyping platforms to identify both donors and recipients who are genetically AnWj-negative. This advancement not only underscores the lab’s international importance but also opens doors for discovering new blood group systems, enhancing patient care globally.

The new discovery is set to improve blood transfusion safety and effectiveness for patients around the world.

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