Rare 'Halloween comet' to visit Earth this week: when and how to watch

First discovered on 27 September by astronomers from Hawaii's ATLAS survey, the comet is thought to be a fragment of the legendary Great Comet of 1106. (Image: Canva)

This October brings a rare celestial event that is sure to captivate skywatchers. Comet C/2024 S1, also known as the ATLAS comet, will be visible during daylight, offering a thrilling sight. NASA hints that this "Halloween comet" might endure its journey past the sun, making for a stunning visual spectacle.

First discovered on 27 September by astronomers from Hawaii's ATLAS survey, the comet is thought to be a fragment of the legendary Great Comet of 1106. Its origins trace back to the distant Oort Cloud, an icy realm at the edge of our solar system.

The comet’s fate, however, is still uncertain. As it approaches the sun, scientists are unsure whether it will survive the intense heat. NASA predicts the ATLAS comet will be visible from 24 October, with the best viewing time before sunrise. For early bird stargazers, binoculars or a telescope might help spot it after sunset.

Best Time and Tips for Viewing the ATLAS Comet

Gordon Johnston, a former NASA executive, advises looking low on the eastern and southeastern horizons. Blocking the sun will reduce the risk of being blinded by sunlight. The closest approach to Earth occurs on 24 October, a prime date for comet watching. As with all celestial events, visibility depends on local weather conditions.

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Dr. Qicheng Zhang from Lowell Observatory has raised concerns about the comet’s survival. There is a chance that its nucleus may break apart before reaching the sun. Comets like ATLAS, known as "Kreutz sungrazers," venture dangerously close to the sun. They are vulnerable to intense heat and gravitational forces, which often leads to their disintegration.

Should this happen, skywatchers could miss out on a rare November viewing. Comets from the Oort Cloud are long-period comets, visiting the inner solar system only once every tens of thousands of years. These cosmic wanderers are unpredictable, adding to the excitement surrounding their appearances.

Though comets like ATLAS pose no threat to Earth, they captivate both astronomers and stargazers alike. Their icy tails and sudden appearances offer breathtaking moments. The ATLAS comet, if it survives, will surely create a memorable sky show.

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Looking ahead, the European Space Agency’s Comet Interceptor mission, scheduled for 2029, will provide scientists with a rare chance to study a long-period comet. This mission will help deepen our understanding of comets from the Oort Cloud and shed light on the origins of our solar system.

For now, all eyes are on Comet ATLAS as it edges closer to the sun. Whether it endures or disintegrates, the comet promises an exciting celestial display for all to witness.