NASA captures stunning image of dust-covered InSight Lander on Mars: See how dust shapes the red planet

Seen at the center of this image, NASA’s retired InSight Mars lander was captured by the agency’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter using its High-Resolution Imagine Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on Oct. 23, 2024. NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) recently captured striking new images of the retired InSight lander, showing it almost completely covered in Martian dust. The photos, taken on October 23 by MRO’s High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera, highlight how the once-active lander has blended into the reddish-brown surface of Mars. These images offer valuable clues about dust movement and its impact on the Red Planet’s atmosphere and landscape.

What the New Images Show

The images reveal that InSight's solar panels are now cloaked in a layer of fine dust, matching the Martian surface. The spacecraft, which operated from November 2018 to December 2022, relied on solar power to function. Over time, dust accumulation on its panels reduced its ability to generate energy, ultimately leading to the mission's end.

NASA scientists requested this final image as both a farewell to InSight and to monitor changes in its surroundings, shedding light on how dust behaves over time on Mars.

InSight’s Achievements and Mission End

InSight made history as the first mission to detect marsquakes, providing groundbreaking data about Mars’ interior, including its crust, mantle, and core. The stationary lander operated for over four years, exceeding its primary mission timeline.

However, dust — a constant challenge on Mars — eventually overwhelmed InSight’s solar panels, cutting off its power supply. Despite hopes that winds or “dust devils” might clear the panels and revive the lander, no signals were detected for two years. NASA plans to officially stop listening for InSight by the end of 2024.

Why Studying Dust on Mars Matters

Dust plays a key role in shaping Mars’ environment:

Atmospheric Impact: Dust storms and seasonal winds affect Mars’ weather and air patterns.

Surface Changes: Dust accumulation can erase features like meteoroid craters and spacecraft landing marks, helping scientists measure how quickly the landscape evolves.

For instance, the dark blast marks left by InSight’s retrorocket thrusters in 2018 have gradually faded, now blending into the surrounding terrain — a clear indicator of how fast dust settles.

InSight’s Role in Understanding Dust Movement

When InSight was active, it helped scientists track dust devils — swirling mini-storms that lift dust into the air — by linking wind sensor data with images of dust devil tracks captured by MRO. Researchers discovered that dust devil activity peaks in the summer and slows down in winter, giving insights into Mars’ dust cycles.

A Lasting Legacy
HiRISE continues to capture images of other missions on Mars, including NASA’s active Perseverance and Curiosity rovers. By documenting spacecraft like InSight, these images preserve the history of Mars exploration while helping scientists plan for future missions.

“Looking at InSight now feels bittersweet,” said Ingrid Daubar, a member of the mission’s science team. “It produced incredible science, and while we hoped it could go on forever, we knew its time would come.”

What’s Next for Mars Exploration?

InSight’s mission may be over, but its legacy continues. The data it collected about Mars’ interior and dust behavior will help scientists design better missions, ensuring future spacecraft can withstand the harsh Martian environment.

As we bid farewell to InSight, NASA’s continued exploration of the Red Planet brings us closer to understanding its past, present, and potential for future human missions.