The radiation from these explosions bombards our planet. (Image: Canva)

A supernova explosion is a spectacular event. It unleashes vast energy and creates heavy elements essential for life. Scientists are exploring how these cosmic occurrences impacted life on Earth millions of years ago.

Research published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters reveals that supernovae release iron isotopes into space. Two notable accumulations of the iron isotope Fe60 have been found in sea-floor sediments. These deposits date back two to three million years and five to six million years.

The radiation from these explosions bombards our planet. The study, led by Caitlyn Nojiri from UC Santa Cruz, discusses the implications. The authors note that cosmic radiation fluctuates as our Solar System travels through the galaxy.

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The Local Bubble and Its Creation

The younger Fe60 accumulation originates directly from a nearby supernova. The authors suggest it likely came from the Upper Centaurus Lupus association or the Tucana Horologium association. They estimate at least nine supernovae occurred within the last six million years.

An artist’s conception of the hot local bubble. (Image: NASA)

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Effects on Life and Evolution

Interestingly, a 2024 paper found accelerated virus diversification in Lake Tanganyika coinciding with increased cosmic radiation. The researchers hope to connect these findings to supernova activity.

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While the radiation from supernovae wasn’t strong enough to cause mass extinction, it could have influenced evolutionary processes. Understanding cosmic radiation is crucial for assessing its effects on life.

The study indicates that cosmic radiation plays a vital role in Earth’s biodiversity. Researchers stress the need to explore the biological effects of radiation further. Without supernovae, life on Earth may have taken a different path altogether.