Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann diagnosed with leptospirosis. All about the bacterial infection

Bhagwant Mann has been diagnosed with leptospirosis.

Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann has been diagnosed with leptospirosis, a bacterial infection often associated with tropical climates. The 50-year-old Aam Aadmi Party leader, who was admitted to Fortis Hospital in Mohali, Punjab, on Wednesday for a routine check-up, is receiving antibiotics, and doctors have confirmed his vitals are stable. According to a health bulletin from the hospital, his blood tests came back positive for leptospirosis, and treatment has already begun.

But what exactly is leptospirosis, and how does it affect those infected?

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, commonly found in water or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The disease is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in areas with poor sanitation or after floods, when people may come into contact with contaminated water.

Causes and Transmission

The bacteria primarily spread through contact with water, soil, or food contaminated with the urine of infected animals, including rodents, cattle, dogs, and pigs. People who work in close proximity to animals or contaminated environments—such as farmers, veterinarians, or sewage workers—are more at risk. Leptospirosis can also be contracted by swimming or wading in contaminated water.

The bacteria typically enter the human body through cuts in the skin, the eyes, nose, or mouth. In some cases, transmission can occur via the consumption of contaminated food or water.

Symptoms

Leptospirosis can manifest with a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Early symptoms often resemble those of other tropical infections, which can complicate diagnosis. Common symptoms include:

- High fever
- Headaches
- Muscle aches
- Chills
- Vomiting
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Red eyes
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhoea

In severe cases, leptospirosis can lead to complications such as liver or kidney damage, meningitis, respiratory distress, or even death.

Treatment and Prevention

Leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics, such as doxycycline or penicillin, which are most effective when administered early in the infection. In severe cases, hospitalisation may be required to address complications.

Preventive measures include avoiding swimming in or wading through potentially contaminated water, wearing protective clothing when working with animals, and maintaining proper hygiene and sanitation practices. Vaccinations for animals, particularly pets, are also available to reduce the risk of transmission.