Naga Sadhus: Mystical ascetics of Maha Kumbh

Naga sadhus are rarely seen in temples or akharas across cities, adding to their mystique.

Draped in ash from head to toe, adorned with intricately braided locks, kohl-lined eyes, and carrying tridents, damrus, and kamandals, Naga Sadhus mesmerized devotees as they took the first Amrit Snan (holy dip) at the Triveni Sangam during the Maha Kumbh 2025. These ascetics, representing 13 Akharas, plunged into the sacred confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers, embodying their deity, Lord Shiva, in all his glory.

The ceremonial bath, which commenced under the Pushya and Punarvasu nakshatras, began with an invocation of Lord Ganesha, followed by elaborate rituals. The Naga Sadhus, in their Digambar (unclothed) attire, underwent a detailed 21-step adornment process to sanctify their body, mind, and spirit.

A unique 21-step adornment

Highlighting the significance of the Naga Sadhus' preparations, Shankarpuri Maharaj of the Mahanirvani Akhara explained that, unlike the 16 traditional adornments (Solah Shringar) performed by married women in Hindu culture, Naga Sadhus perform a distinctive 21-step ritual. This includes the application of ash (bhasma), sandalwood paste (chandan), and the wearing of rudraksha beads, rings, and bracelets made of iron, silver, or copper. Their long matted locks are wrapped five times as part of the Panchkesh Shringar, symbolizing spiritual discipline.

Each element of their adornment holds deep spiritual meaning:

• Bhasma reminds them of life’s transience.
• Rudraksha beads, believed to originate from Lord Shiva’s tears, signify devotion.
• Chandan symbolizes purity and is an offering to the Lord who consumed poison during the churning of the ocean.
• Tridents, damrus, and kamandals are emblems of their ascetic identity and Lord Shiva’s attributes. Beyond physical ornamentation

Shankarpuri Maharaj elaborated, “The adornment of Naga Sadhus is deeply linked to Lord Shiva. From the ash that signifies impermanence to the damru that resonates with cosmic rhythms, every element is symbolic of their connection with the divine.”

Every element of the Naga Sadhus’ appearance carries profound meaning. The ash (bhasma) represents the ephemeral nature of life, while rudraksha beads are symbols of divine energy and protection. Their tridents signify power and control over the three realms—body, mind, and soul. Together, these elements portray a life devoted to spiritual enlightenment.

Where do Naga sadhus go after the Kumbh?

As the world's largest religious congregation began, the enigma surrounding the Naga Sadhus deepens. Unlike priests in temples or monks residing in monasteries, Naga Sadhus vanish into solitude, returning to the caves, forests, and Himalayan retreats they call home. They are rarely seen in temples or akharas across cities, adding to their mystique.

Sunita Devi, a pilgrim from Varanasi, shared her awe: “I have always wondered where they disappear to after the Kumbh. Seeing them here feels like witnessing another world. Their way of life reminds us of our roots and the power of detachment.”

Ravindra Puri, President of the Akhara Parishad said after the Kumbh Mela, Naga sadhus return to the Himalayas, forests, caves, and other peaceful places to continue their spiritual practices. They often travel at night to avoid being seen by people.

The Naga Sadhus' seclusion aligns with their ascetic vows. They devote themselves to meditation, yoga, and the study of scriptures, shunning material possessions and societal norms. For them, the Kumbh Mela is a rare occasion to emerge from their hermitages, connect with the masses, and reaffirm their spiritual mission.

Maha Kumbh's vibrant display of faith

The Maha Kumbh 2025 has once again brought the mystical world of the Naga Sadhus to the forefront, captivating millions. As the sadhus return to their remote abodes, their fleeting presence leaves a lasting impression of faith, devotion, and the eternal quest for liberation. For the pilgrims who witnessed this grand spectacle, the memory of the Naga Sadhus’ ascetic grace will remain etched in their hearts, a reminder of the timeless bond between humanity and the divine.