Hyperuricemia causes, symptoms, cure: Here's how high uric acid levels can lead to kidney stones, gout

Certain dietary choices, such as red meat, seafood, alcohol, or fructose-rich foods, elevate susceptibility to hyperuricemia (Image: Canva)

If you're frequently thirsty and making more trips to the washroom than usual, get yourself checked for hyperuricemia. Uric acid, a standard waste product in the blood, can cause problems when it accumulates excessively, leading to crystal formation. This can result in painful gout attacks and even result in kidney stone development.

Hyperuricemia is a common issue linked to gout, known for its intense pain. It's also associated with kidney stones made of uric acid and calcium. Many with this condition show no symptoms, and standard blood tests rarely check uric acid levels, making diagnosis challenging. “High uric acid levels can silently impact overall health," says Dr Dilip Kirpalani, Nephrologist at Bombay Hospital, Mumbai. "Recognising it early is crucial, as it poses risks for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic kidney ailments."

Although the kidneys usually filter out most uric acid, excessive levels or disrupted excretion can cause pain. Accumulated uric acid crystals can result in excruciating joint pain (gout) or kidney stones, causing severe discomfort in the lower back or abdomen. "Hypertension, diabetes, or both often accompany hyperuricemia," says Dr Kirpalani, adding, "More than 30 per cent of individuals with these conditions have elevated uric acid levels. Yet, nearly 60% of individuals with high uric acid levels show no symptoms, underscoring the need for heightened awareness and proactive screening."

Dr Kartik Peethambaran, Associate Medical Director at Abbott in India, stresses the importance of early detection. He says, "Screening tools can determine the risk level, allowing timely intervention." Specific groups, including males, the elderly, and those with certain dietary habits, face increased risk, adds Dr Peethambaran.

Certain dietary choices, such as red meat, seafood, alcohol, or fructose-rich foods, elevate susceptibility to hyperuricemia. To counter its impact, doctors recommend lifestyle adjustments, including maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding specific foods, and ensuring adequate exercise. Here are some lifestyle changes to promote a balanced uric acid level:

The 'H2Ome' remedy: Sufficient hydration remains a foundation in preventing hyperuricemia. Water helps flush out excess uric acid from the body, helping in its elimination through urine. Multiple studies have shown that increased water intake can decrease the risk of gout attacks by diluting uric acid concentrations in the blood.

Food you eat: Choosing a diet low in purines, substances that break down into uric acid, can significantly help manage hyperuricemia. Reducing the intake of purine-rich foods like organ meats, shellfish, and certain vegetables can aid in maintaining optimal uric acid levels.

A heavy task: While it may sound challenging, maintaining a healthy weight is extremely important in curbing hyperuricemia. Obesity is often associated with increased uric acid levels. Research suggests that losing excess weight may lower uric acid concentrations and reduce the risk of gout.

Cut down on alcohol: Beer and liquor are linked to higher uric acid production, and cutting down their consumption can help to prevent hyperuricemia. Limit or avoid alcohol to significantly reduce the risk of gout attacks.

Limit fructose: The consumption of beverages containing high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is recognised for increasing uric acid levels in the body. By cutting down on sugary drinks, sweetened fruit juices, and foods high in added sugars, you can potentially lower the risk of developing hyperuricemia.

The movement miracle: Regular physical activity has shown positive effects on lowering uric acid levels and reducing the risk of gout. Engaging in moderate exercise, like brisk walking, jogging, or swimming, can assist in maintaining a healthy uric acid balance.

Citrus saviours: Consuming foods rich in vitamin C may help prevent hyperuricemia and reduce the risk of gout attacks. Vitamin C has been associated with lower uric acid levels, so including citrus fruits, strawberries, and bell peppers into your diet can be beneficial.