Untreated hypertension tied to Alzheimer’s disease risk: Neurologist shares the silent symptoms that usually miss the eye

Hypertension doesn’t just strain the heart—it can quietly damage the brain, raising risks of memory loss, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. (Image: Pexels)

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a prevalent disease worldwide. “The silent killer” is its nickname, since the symptoms are typically mild or imperceptible. Even though most people know it affects blood vessels and heart health, people are less likely to be aware of its long-term impact on the brain. There is a growing body of research indicating that uncontrolled hypertension can substantially increase the risk of cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.

The brain needs a constant flow of blood rich in oxygen to function correctly. Over time, high blood pressure damages arteries by making them stiffer and narrower. That reduces the brain’s blood supply and the risk of small vessel disease, stroke and memory loss. The combined consequence of years of untreated hypertension is a silent driver of neurodegenerative changes that impact memory, thinking, and cognition.

Dr Lomesh Bhirud, Neurologist and Neuro-Interventionalist at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, talking to Moneycontrol, highlights that the most dangerous aspect about hypertension is how invisible the disorder can be. There are many people who live with it for years without realizing the risks that it poses not only to the heart, but also to long-term brain health.”

1. Subtle Memory Lapses

Although forgetfulness is ordinary, individuals with uncontrolled high blood pressure can start having more frequent instances of memory lapses. Blood pressure may lead to the destruction of blood vessels in the brain, which decreases the oxygen level, which worsens cognitive impairment. Such lapses can be slight at first, a failure of memory, forgetting names, forgetting appointments, and losing objects, but as time goes, they might indicate a higher risk of Alzheimer.

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2. Persistent Headaches

Most people do not give much attention to such headaches considering them to be a result of stress or fatigue, however, quite common and unexplained headaches may be an early symptom of uncontrolled blood pressure. This is a symptom which may be neglected until it gets serious, but multiple episodes can point to continual vascular strain that may be silently damaging the work of the brain.

3. Difficulty Concentrating

Individuals who are not treated to hypertension will have difficulty remaining focused, tracking conversations, and multitasking. The loss of blood supply to the brain alters its performance resulting in minor lapses in concentration. This may eventually resemble the initial cognitive impairment and precondition the onset of dementia.

4. Irritability and Mood Swings

Mood swings are hardly connected to blood pressure yet studies indicate that high blood pressure can change the brain chemistry and influence emotional control. Irritability, anxiety, or abrupt mood swings may not be particularly alarming by themselves, but may be an early sign of vascular damage as well as increased risk of dementia.

5. Sleep Disturbances

Bad sleep and hypertension are two inseparable things. Silent factors that contribute to high blood pressure are insomnia, unrestful sleep or even unexplained sleep apnea. In the long run, insomnia increases the inflammation of the brain and reduces the capacity of the brain to clear harmful proteins such as beta-amyloid, one of the biological markers of Alzheimer disease.

6. Dizziness or Light-headedness

Incidental dizziness can be ignored but frequent cases can show an irregular blood pressure level. Such short episodes of instability might not be considered severe but they are a suggestion of impaired circulation that can eventually harm brain cells.

7. Vision Problems

Sight impairment or spotting of objects may be early signs of high blood pressure that is ruining small blood vessels in the eyes. The same vascular alterations usually take place in the brain, which predisposes the assault of the cognitive and Alzheimer in the long term.

Hypertension is a disease that does not always have an alarm, as it silently gains ground until the damage is caused. When untreated, it does not only enhance the severity of heart disease and stroke but also rapid development of Alzheimer disease. These minor symptoms are important to be recognized at the initial stage, routine blood pressure measurements, and a healthier lifestyle are the key factors to keep the heart and the brain in good condition.

In some cases, it can be impossible to prevent Alzheimer, although one of the best actions we can use to diminish the risk and maintain cognitive performance in the decades to come is management of hypertension.

FAQs about Hypertension and Alzheimer’s Disease:

1. How does hypertension affect the brain?
Uncontrolled hypertension damages arteries, reducing the brain’s blood supply and increasing the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease.

2. What are the early signs of hypertension affecting brain health?
Early signs include subtle memory lapses, persistent headaches, difficulty concentrating, irritability, mood swings, sleep disturbances, dizziness, and vision problems.

3. Can managing hypertension reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease?
Yes, managing hypertension can help reduce the risk and maintain cognitive performance in the long term.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.