Sudden weight loss, fatigue could be symptoms of colorectal cancer, here's how to protect yourself

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine. (Image: Canva)

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the colon or rectum, parts of the large intestine. It typically begins as small, non-cancerous clumps of cells called polyps, which can develop into cancer over time. Early detection is crucial, as colorectal cancer often starts without symptoms. Common symptoms include changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea or constipation, and a feeling that the bowel doesn't empty completely. Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas, or pain, is also a warning sign. Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue are other key symptoms.

In more advanced stages, colorectal cancer may cause a narrowing of the stool, iron deficiency anaemia due to blood loss, and weakness. If any of these symptoms persist, especially in people over 45 or with a family history, it is essential to seek medical evaluation promptly. The rise in colorectal cancer among young adults is a concerning trend observed in many countries, and researchers are still working to fully understand the causes. However, several factors may contribute to this increase:

Dietary changes: The adoption of Western diets, which are high in red and processed meats, refined grains, and low in fibre, may play a significant role. These dietary patterns have been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.

Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity and prolonged sitting, common in modern lifestyles, can contribute to obesity, which is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer.

Obesity: Rising rates of obesity, particularly in younger populations, are believed to contribute to the increased incidence of colorectal cancer. Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disturbances that can promote cancer development.

Microbiome changes: Alterations in the gut microbiome, potentially due to diet, antibiotic use, or other environmental factors, may influence colorectal cancer risk. A less diverse gut microbiome has been associated with higher cancer risk.

Genetic factors: While genetic predisposition has always been a factor, there's growing evidence that younger individuals may have inherited genetic mutations that increase their cancer risk. However, these cases are relatively rare.

Environmental and chemical exposures: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, chemicals, or carcinogens, whether through food, water, or other sources, may also be contributing factors.

Screening practices: Traditionally, colorectal cancer screening is recommended for people over 50. As a result, younger adults may not undergo routine screenings, leading to later detection when the disease is more advanced.

Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and other lifestyle factors that have become more prevalent in recent decades might also contribute to the rising incidence.

Preventive strategies

Colorectal cancer in young adults focusses on lifestyle modifications, early detection, and awareness. Here are some key strategies:

Healthy diet:

Increase fibre intake: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce the risk. Fiber aids in digestion and helps maintain a healthy gut.

Limit red and processed meats: Reducing the consumption of red and processed meats like bacon, sausages, and hot dogs can lower the risk.

Include antioxidant-rich foods: Foods like berries, nuts, and green leafy vegetables, which are high in antioxidants, may help protect against cancer.

Regular physical activity:

Engaging in regular exercise, such as walking, running, cycling, or strength training, can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce cancer risk.

Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

Maintain a healthy weight:

Obesity is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer. Managing body weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise is crucial.

Also see: Prevent heart diseases with these simple everyday habits, from daily exercises to healthy diet

Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol:

Quit smoking: Tobacco use is linked to an increased risk of colorectal and other cancers. Quitting smoking is essential for overall health.

Limit alcohol consumption: If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Excessive alcohol intake is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer.

Regular screening:

Know your family history: If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, you may need to start screening earlier than the standard recommendation of age 45.

Consult your doctor: Discuss screening options like colonoscopy, especially if you have risk factors or symptoms like persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss.

Monitor symptoms:

Be aware of symptoms such as rectal bleeding, persistent changes in bowel habits, abdominal discomfort, or unexplained weight loss, and seek medical advice promptly if these occur.

Promote gut health:

Probiotics: Consider incorporating probiotics into your diet to maintain a healthy gut microbiome, which may help in reducing colorectal cancer risk.

Limit antibiotic use: Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, as they can disrupt the gut microbiome balance.

Stay informed

Keep yourself informed about the latest guidelines for colorectal cancer prevention and screening. Awareness can lead to early detection and better outcomes.