Everything you need to know about hysterectomy: Reasons, types, and what to expect

Hysterectomy refers to the surgical process of removal of the uterus, which may be done to treat benign or malignant conditions (Image: Canva)

• Hysterectomy: surgical removal of the uterus for various conditions
• It treats fibroids, cancer, prolapse, and uncontrolled bleeding
• Consult a doctor to discuss risks and benefits before surgery

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The uterus, a crucial organ present in the female pelvis, is vital for the process of reproduction, along with supporting menstrual cycles. It also plays a role in the hormonal balance of the body.

Hysterectomy refers to the surgical process of removal of the uterus, which may be done to treat benign or malignant conditions. It could be ‘total’, which involves removing the entire uterus, or ‘partial’, where the cervix may be spared. In some cases, both the ovaries and the fallopian tubes may be removed as well.

Reasons for performing a hysterectomy

• Leiomyomas: Also known as uterine fibroids, these benign smooth muscle tumours can often lead to heavy menstrual bleedingand pelvic pressure and pain. If medical management does not suffice, a hysterectomy may be advised by the gynaecologist, especially in women who have completed childbearing.

Also read | Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Types, causes, diagnosis, and management

• Adenomyosis: This is a condition that arises when the tissues of the endometrium, the innermost layer of the uterine wall, invade the uterine muscle. This can cause painful menses, and menorrhagia. Medical and hormonal therapy may be tried, and in case they are ineffective, hysterectomy may be advised.

• Uterine Prolapse: This occurs when the uterus descends into or beyond the vaginal canal, because of weekend support structures. Severe cases may show urinary incontinence and recurrent infections, which can elicit the need for a hysterectomy after adequate assessment.

• Endometrial Carcinoma: Cancer of the endometrium often requires hysterectomy. The entire uterus may be removed, sometimes with the ovaries and the fallopian tubes as well. This can help reduce the risk of recurrence.

Also read | What is endometriosis? Understanding its causes, symptoms, risk factors and more

• Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: This can occur due to various reasons, and if not controlled, may lead to severe anemia. If medications and hormonal therapy are unable to cease the bleeding, the person may need a hysterectomy.

• Leiomyosarcoma: This is a rare, malignant tumour that can develop in the uterus, and may arise from the smooth muscles or the connective tissues. Hysterectomy aids in complete removal of the tumour, and when done timely, may also aid in preventing metastases.

Before undergoing this surgical intervention, it is necessary to consult your healthcare provider about all the benefits and risks.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.