Cholera, hepatitis A, other waterborne illnesses: Symptoms and prevention strategies you need to know

Benefits of water filters: Using a water filter or purification tablets can effectively remove harmful contaminants from your drinking water (Image: Canva)

Waterborne diseases can strike without warning and wreak havoc on your health. The symptoms include, suffering from intense stomach cramps, relentless diarrhea, or a high fever that leaves you exhausted and bedridden. Pathogens in contaminated water, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, cause these debilitating conditions.

The severity of waterborne diseases can range from mild gastrointestinal discomfort to life-threatening illnesses, making it crucial to be vigilant about water safety.

Taking steps to ensure the water you consume and use is safe can significantly reduce your risk of contracting various diseases. Common waterborne diseases to be aware of include cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, dysentery, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis, says Dr K. Seshi Kiran, Consultant Physician, Yashoda Hospitals Hyderabad. “It is important to follow proactive measures and maintain good hygiene and sanitation practices, to reduce your risk of contracting these illnesses,” he adds, and suggests some strategies to prevent the diseases.

Ensure safe drinking water: The water you drink should be safe and clean. Using a water filter or purification tablets can effectively remove harmful contaminants from your drinking water. Boiling water before consumption is another reliable method, as it kills pathogens that may be present in untreated water. Additionally, drinking bottled or canned water is a good option, especially when traveling or in emergency situations where water safety is uncertain.

Avoid contaminated water sources: Refrain from swimming in lakes, rivers, or oceans that have algae blooms or contamination warnings, as these environments can harbour harmful pathogens. Similarly, avoid drinking water from unknown or untreated sources, and stick to known, safe water supplies to reduce the risk of contamination.

Practice hygiene: Good hygiene practices are essential in preventing waterborne diseases. Wash your hands frequently with soap and clean water to reduce the risk of ingesting pathogens that may be on your hands. Showering or bathing regularly also helps keep your body clean and prevents the spread of germs.

Maintain proper sanitation: Make sure human waste and garbage is properly disposed, to avoid contaminating water supplies. Keeping toilets clean and disinfected helps prevent the buildup of harmful bacteria and reduces the risk of spreading disease.

Safety when travelling: When travelling internationally, avoid consuming untreated water. Stick to bottled water and avoid using ice in drinks to prevent ingesting contaminated water. Staying informed about local water safety notices and following guidelines helps ensure your water is safe to use.

Handle food with care: Proper food handling and storage techniques are also vital. Keep food covered and stored properly to prevent contamination from waterborne pathogens. Avoid cross-contamination of food and water by using separate utensils and cutting boards for raw and cooked foods, preventing the spread of pathogens.

Vaccination: Lastly, getting vaccinated against waterborne diseases such as hepatitis A and typhoid fever provides an added layer of protection. These vaccines can help safeguard your health, especially when traveling to areas where these diseases are prevalent.