Child anaemia: Symptoms, causes, dietary changes to prevent pale skin, irritability, short breath

Common causes of anaemia include poor diet, chronic illnesses, or inherited disorders. (Image: Canva)

Anaemia in children can cause symptoms like fatigue, pale skin, irritability, shortness of breath, and frequent infections. It often results from insufficient iron, vitamin B12, or folate, leading to reduced red blood cell production. Common causes include poor diet, chronic illnesses, or inherited disorders. Other factors, like heavy menstrual bleeding or gastrointestinal issues, can also contribute.

Early detection and appropriate treatment, including dietary changes and supplements, are crucial for managing anaemia and preventing complications. Regular check-ups can help identify anaemia early and ensure timely intervention, says paediatrician Dr Natasha Singhal, senior consultant with BGS Global Hospital, Hyderabad.

Dietary changes

Increase iron-rich foods: Red meats like lamb are rich in heme iron, which is easily absorbed by the body.

Poultry: Chicken and turkey also provide heme iron, though in slightly smaller amounts than red meat.

Seafood: Fish (salmon and tuna) and shellfish (clams and shrimp) offer heme iron and are a good addition to a child's diet.

Legumes: Lentils, beans, and chickpeas are excellent sources of non-heme iron, which is plant-based. Though less readily absorbed than heme iron, it is still a valuable part of the diet.

Fortified cereals: Many breakfast cereals are fortified with iron. This means iron is added during production to help meet daily iron needs.

Include Vitamin C: Fruits like oranges, strawberries, kiwi, and cantaloupe are rich in vitamin C, which enhances the absorption of non-heme iron found in plant-based foods.

Vegetables: Bell peppers, broccoli, and tomatoes are also high in vitamin C and can improve iron absorption from meals.

Incorporate iron-fortified foods: Some baby formulas are fortified with iron to support healthy growth and development, especially if breastfeeding is not an option.

Fortified bread and pasta: Many breads and pastas are enriched with iron, which helps meet dietary needs.

Balance with folate-rich foods: Leafy and green vegetables like spinach, kale, and lettuce provide folate, a B vitamin that helps in the production of red blood cells.

Fruits: Oranges, bananas, and avocados also provide folate.

Whole grains: Brown rice, oats, and quinoa are good sources of folate and can support overall health.

Minimise iron blockers: Calcium can inhibit iron absorption, so it’s helpful to consume calcium-rich foods (like dairy products) at different times from iron-rich meals.

Avoid excessive tea and coffee: These beverages contain compounds that can reduce iron absorption, so it's best to limit their intake, especially around meal times.

Also see | Iron deficiency anemia: Pair these iron-rich foods with Vitamin C-rich options in daily diet

Lifestyle changes

Regular health check-ups: Regular check-ups can help detect anaemia early, especially if there are risk factors like a family history or symptoms like fatigue and pale skin.

Balanced diet: Encourage a variety of foods to ensure children get all the necessary nutrients for overall health, not just iron. This includes fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains.

Exercise: Regular physical activity supports overall health and can help maintain normal blood levels. It also encourages a healthy appetite and proper nutrition.

Parental guidance: Educate parents and caretakers about the importance of a balanced diet and the role of different nutrients in preventing anemia. This can help them make informed food choices for their children.

Manage conditions: If a child has a condition that affects nutrient absorption, such as coeliac disease, work with healthcare providers to address it. Proper management of such conditions is crucial for preventing nutritional deficiencies, including anaemia.