Breastfeeding and breast cancer: Here's what every woman should know to reduce risk

Breast Cancer Awareness Month 2024: Mothers who breastfeed may experience lower risks of developing certain chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes. (Image: Canva)

Breastfeeding is often touted for its numerous health benefits for both mother and child, but its relationship to breast cancer risk is a topic that deserves careful consideration. Recent studies have shed light on how breastfeeding may influence a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer, providing valuable information for expectant and new mothers.

The evidence behind breastfeeding and breast cancer

• Research has consistently shown that breastfeeding can lower the risk of breast cancer. A comprehensive analysis by the World Health Organisation (WHO) highlights that women who breastfeed have a reduced risk of developing the disease, particularly for those who breastfeed for an extended duration, says Dr Nitin Leekha, Director, Surgical Oncology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj.

Dr Leekha says that several mechanisms may explain how breastfeeding influences breast cancer risk:

• Hormonal changes: Breastfeeding alters hormone levels, particularly oestrogen, which is linked to breast cancer development. The hormonal shifts during lactation may provide a protective effect.
• Cellular changes: Lactation prompts the body to shed old breast tissue and replace it with new, healthier cells, potentially reducing the risk of mutations that lead to cancer.
• Delay in menstrual cycles: Breastfeeding often delays the return of menstrual cycles, which decreases a woman’s lifetime exposure to oestrogen—a known risk factor for breast cancer.

Beyond its potential protective effects against breast cancer, breastfeeding offers a myriad of other health benefits:

• Nutritional value: Breast milk is uniquely tailored to meet the nutritional needs of infants, promoting optimal growth and development.
• Enhanced immunity: Breastfeeding provides essential antibodies that help boost an infant’s immune system, reducing the risk of infections and diseases.
• Maternal health: Mothers who breastfeed may experience lower risks of developing certain chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes and ovarian cancer.

Myths and misconceptions

Despite the growing body of evidence supporting breastfeeding's health benefits, myths persist. One common misconception is that breastfeeding alone guarantees immunity from breast cancer. While breastfeeding is beneficial, it is not a foolproof preventative measure. Regular screenings and awareness of personal risk factors remain crucial for all women.

What women should consider

• Duration and frequency: Aim for exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and continue breastfeeding alongside complementary foods for at least a year or longer if desired.
• Individual risk factors: Understand your family history and other personal risk factors for breast cancer. Discuss these with your healthcare provider to develop a tailored approach to your health.
• Stay informed: As research continues to evolve, staying informed about the latest findings can empower women to make educated choices regarding breastfeeding and their overall health.

Expectant mothers should consult with healthcare professionals to understand the full scope of benefits and make informed decisions about breastfeeding that align with their circumstances and goals. By prioritising breastfeeding, women can not only help their child’s health but also their own long-term well-being.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.